上帝碰上女娲

       神创论在中国和西方都有市场。西方创造人类的是上帝，中国创造人类的是女娲。

       神创论属于神话传说，我们可以用各种所谓的逻辑和经验来说明他们的无稽，但是如果我们换一种眼光，当我们用思想文化的角度来看这两个故事时，我们也许会看到一些新的东西。

       先看看上帝造人的历史，上帝用了六天创造世界[一]。在这六天中，上帝先创造天地，通过天地的光明变化知道了时间；上帝接着创造了大陆和海洋；接着创造了植物；接着创造了动物；再接着创造了人类， 男人和女人，女人是男人的一部分，人类刚开始是没有羞耻感的。

        我们再看看女娲造人类的故事[二]。 女娲补天的故事很简单，她用六天造了六畜，第七天造了人。 刚开始造人很努力。 按照自己的样子造了人， 后来就偷了懒，用藤条打出了很多泥点式的小人。后来又为他们创造了“礼”。
   
        如果光看造人的故事， 如果上帝和女娲确实是按自己的形象造了人，那么女娲比起上帝来说恐怕差得不少。

     上帝讲究秩序，并且确保满意自己造的东西。上帝造出了动植物，并且是开放式的动植物系统。上帝只造了两个人，并且让他们相亲相爱。人类当初， 没有羞耻感--按照中国的说法，没有善恶--后来在蛇的诱惑下才有了羞耻感--知道了善恶--并且承担了后果。 

      女娲只造了六畜，并且在造出了一定数量的人以后就开始偷懒。 女娲用一套礼仪规范了人类的活动。可以说，女娲造人的故事造成了人类的不平等，并且要人类维持这种不平等。

      幸好女娲不仅只是造人，女娲补天的故事基本弥补了女娲造人中的性格缺陷。

       如果上帝和女娲确实按自己的形象造了人，那么上帝注重创造， 并且力求尽善尽美， 不惜毁掉自己创造自己创造的成果。女娲刚开始力求尽善尽美， 后来就偷懒只是按照礼仪活动，但是他们同样有毁掉不成功作品的勇气。 上帝和女娲都有缺点，也有很相似的地方--譬如他们全部用七天造了世界。上帝造完了人开始休息，女娲造了一些人开始偷懒。惟一不同的就是上帝认为人可以统治动植物， 并且让人类自己去认识羞耻感。 女娲自己规范了人类的羞耻感，人类和六畜并没有等级，只有人和人才有等级。


     神话逐渐变成传统，孰优孰劣？大家自己去体会吧。 


 [一] Gen.1
[1] In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
[2] And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
[3] And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
[4] And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.
[5] And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.
[6] And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
[7] And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
[8] And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.
[9] And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.
[10] And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.
[11] And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. [12] And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
[13] And the evening and the morning were the third day.
[14] And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:
[15] And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so.
[16] And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.
[17] And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth,
[18] And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.
[19] And the evening and the morning were the fourth day.
[20] And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.
[21] And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
[22] And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.
[23] And the evening and the morning were the fifth day.
[24] And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so.
[25] And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good. [26] And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
[27] So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
[28] And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.
[29] And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.
[30] And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.
[31] And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.

Gen.2
[1] Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.
[2] And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
[3] And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.
[4] These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens,
[5] And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.
[6] But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. [7] And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.
[8] And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.
[9] And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
[10] And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.
[11] The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;
[12] And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.
[13] And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia.
[14] And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.
[15] And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.
[16] And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat:
[17] But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
[18] And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.
[19] And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.
[20] And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.
[21] And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;
[22] And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.
[23] And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.
[24] Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.
[25] And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.

[二]《太平御览》：
       女娲在造人之前，与正月初一创造出鸡，初二创造狗，初三创造羊，初四创造猪，初六创造马，初七这一天，女娲用黄土和水，仿照自己的样子造出了一个个小泥人，她造了一批又一批，觉得太慢，于是用一根藤条，沾满泥浆，挥舞起来，一点一点的泥浆洒在地上，都变成了人。 为了让人类永远的流传下去，她创造了嫁娶之礼，自己充当媒人，让人们懂得「造人」的方法，凭自己的力量传宗接代。

《淮南子》：在洪荒时代，水神共工和火神祝融因故吵架而大打出手, 最后祝融打败了共工，水神共工因打输而羞愤的朝西方的不周山撞去, 哪知那不周山是撑天的柱子,不周山崩裂了，撑支天地之间的大柱断折了，天倒下了半边，出现了一个大窟窿，地也陷成一道道大裂纹，山林烧起了大火，洪水从地底下喷涌出来，龙蛇猛兽也出来吞食人民。人类面临着空前大灾难。 女娲目睹人类遭到如此奇祸，感到无比痛苦，于是决心补天，以终止这场灾难。她选用各种各样的五色石子，架起火将它们熔化成浆，用这种石浆将残缺的天窟窿填好，随后又斩下一只大龟的四脚，当作四根柱子把倒塌的半边天支起来。女娲还擒杀了残害人民的黑龙，刹住了龙蛇的嚣张气焰。最后??了堵住洪水不再漫流，女娲还收集了大量芦草，把它们烧成灰，埋塞向四处铺开的洪流。 经过女娲一番辛劳整治，苍天总算补上了，地填平了，水止住了，龙蛇猛兽敛迹了，人民又重新过着安乐的生活。但是这场特大的灾祸毕竟留下了痕迹。从此天还是有些向西北倾斜，因此太阳、月亮和行浅慷己茏匀坏毓橄蛭鞣剑?忠??地向东南倾斜，所以一切江河都往那里汇流。当天空出现彩虹的时候，就是我们伟大的女娲的补天神石的彩光。