大小仲马

大仲马
Alexandre Dumas, père, born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (July 24, 1802 – December 5, 1870) was a French writer, best known for his numerous historical novels of high adventure which have made him the most widely read French author in the world. Many of his novels, including The Count of Monte Cristo and the D\'Artagnan Romances, were serialized, and he also wrote plays, magazine articles, and was a prolific correspondent. His paternal grandmother was a black slave.
Alexandre Dumas père wrote stories and historical chronicles of high adventure that captured the imagination of the French public who eagerly waited to purchase the continuing sagas. A few of these works are:

Charles VII at the Homes of His Great Vassals (Charles VII chez ses grands vassaux), drama, adapted for the opera The Saracen by Russian composer César Cui
the D\'Artagnan Romances:
The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires, 1844)
Twenty Years After (Vingt Ans Après, 1845)
The Vicomte de Bragelonne (Le Vicomte de Bragelonne, ou Dix ans plus tard, 1847): when published in English it was usually split into three parts The Vicomte de Bragelonne, Louise de la Valliere and The Man in the Iron Mask , of which the last part is the most known.
The Count of Monte Cristo (1845–1846)
The Fencing Master (Le maître d\'armes, 1840)
The Regent\'s Daughter (1845)
The Two Dianas (1846)
the Valois romances
Queen Margot (1845)
La Dame de Monsoreau (1846)
The Forty-Five Guardsmen (1847)
the Marie Antoinette romances:
Joseph Balsamo (1846–1848) (aka Memoirs of a Physician, Cagliostro, Madame Dubarry, The Countess Dubarry, or The Elixir of Life)
The Queen\'s Necklace (1849–1850)
Ange Pitou (1853) (aka Storming the Bastille, or Six Years Later)
The Countess de Charny (1853–1855) (aka Andrée de Taverney, or The Mesmerist\'s Victim)
The Knight of the Red House (1845)
The Black Tulip (1850)
The Nutcracker (1844): a revision of Hoffmann\'s story, later adapted by Tchaikovsky as a ballet
The Gold Thieves (after 1857): a play that was lost, and rediscovered by the Canadian Reginald Hamel researcher in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in 2004
The Knight of Sainte-Hermine (Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine, 1869): the novel was his last major work and was lost until its rediscovery by Claude Schopp was announced in 2005



小仲马
Alexandre Dumas, fils (July 27, 1824 – November 27, 1895) was the son of Alexandre Dumas, père, who followed in his father\'s footsteps becoming a celebrated author and playwright.

Alexandre Dumas fils was born in Paris, France, the illegitimate child of Marie-Catherine Labay, a dressmaker, and novelist Alexandre Dumas. In 1831 his father legally recognized him and ensured the young Dumas received the best education possible at the Institution Goubaux and the Collège Bourbon. Laws at that time allowed Dumas Sr. to take the child away from his mother and her agony inspired Dumas fils to write about tragic female characters. In almost all of his writings, he emphasized the moral purpose of literature and in his 1858 play, The Natural Son, he espoused the theory that if someone brings an illegitimate child into the world, then they have an obligation to legitimize the child and marry the woman.

In addition to bearing the stigma of illegitimacy, Dumas fils was part black: his father\'s paternal grandparents were a white French nobleman and a black Haitian girl. In the boarding schools, Dumas fils was constantly taunted by his classmates. These issues all profoundly influenced his thoughts, behaviour, and writing.

In 1844 Dumas fils moved to Saint-Germain-en-Laye to live with his father. There, he met Marie Duplessis, a young courtesan who would be the inspiration for his romantic novel, La dame aux camélias (The Lady of the Camellias). Adapted into a play, it was titled in English as Camille and is the basis for Verdi\'s 1853 opera, La Traviata.

In 1864, Alexandre Dumas fils married Nadeja Naryschkine, with whom he had a daughter. After her passing he married Henriette Régnier.

During his lifetime, Dumas fils wrote twelve other novels and several plays. In 1867 he published his semi-autobiographical novel, L’affaire Clemenceau, considered by many to be one of his best works. In 1874, he was admitted to the Académie française and in 1894 he was awarded the Légion d\'Honneur.

Alexandre Dumas fils died at Marly-le-Roi, Yvelines, on November 27, 1895 and was interred in the Cimetière de Montmartre in Paris.