A. The development of multiplecognitive deficits manifested by both
多个方面的认知出现问题,主要表现为:
(1) memory impairment (impaired abilityto learn new information or to recall previously learned information)
记忆障碍(不能记住新学习的事物,或者不能回忆以前学到的东西)
(2) one (or more) of the followingcognitive disturbances:
以下一(或多方面)认知障碍
(a) aphasia (language disturbance)
失语症(语言障碍)
(b) apraxia (impaired ability to carryout motor activities despite intact motor function)
失用症(虽然运动系统的功能完好,却不能执行肌肉运动)
(c) agnosia (failure to recognize oridentify objects despite intact sensory function)
失认症(尽管感觉系统功能完好,却不能认识或识别物体)
(d) disturbance in executivefunctioning (i.e., planning, organizing, sequencing, abstracting)
执行功能障碍(例如:不能做计划,不能整理,没有条理,不能进行概括)
B. The cognitive deficits in CriteriaA1 and A2 each cause significant impairment in social or occupationalfunctioning and represent a significant decline from a previous levelof functioning.
以上两大方面的障碍严重影响了人在社会,事业方面的功能,与发病前相比有显著的功能减退
C. The course is characterized bygradual onset and continuing cognitive decline.
发病进程是渐进的,并且是持续的
D. The cognitive deficits in CriteriaA1 and A2 are not due to any of the following:
以上两大方面的障碍不是因为以下原因引起
(1) other central nervous systemcondtions that cause progressive deficits in memory and cognition(e.g., cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington'sdisease, subdural hematoma, normal-pressure , brain tumor)
其他中枢神经系统的损伤导致记忆和认知功能的渐进丢失(如:脑血管病,巴金森氏病,杭廷顿氏症,脑膜下血肿,正常压力下的脑积水,脑肿瘤)
(2）systemicconditions that are known to cause dementia (e.g., hypothroidism,vitamin B12 or folic acide deficiency, niacin deficiency,hypercalcemia, neurosyphilis, HIV infection)
已知的可以引起痴呆的全身性疾病(如:甲状腺机能减退,维生素B12或叶酸缺乏,尼胺酸缺乏,高钙血症,神经性梅毒,HIV感染)
(3) substance-induced conditions
药物或毒品引起
E. The deficits do not occurexclusively during the course of a delirium.
以上障碍不是仅仅出现在神智不清的发病过程中
F. The disturbance is not betteraccounted for by another Axis I disorder (e.g., Major DepressiveDisorder, Schizophrenia).
以上障碍也不能符合其他与认知有关的精神疾病(如,忧郁症,精神分裂症)
