Adagio in G minor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Adagio in G minor for violin, strings and organ continuo, is a neo-Baroque composition popularly attributed to the 18th-century Venetian master Tomaso Albinoni, but composed by the 20th-century musicologist and Albinoni biographer Remo Giazotto and based on the purported discovery of a manuscript fragment from Albinoni.
Provenance
Although the composition is often referred to as "Albinoni's Adagio," or "Adagio in G minor by Albinoni, arranged by Giazotto," the attribution is incorrect. The ascription to Albinoni rests upon Giazotto's purported discovery of a tiny manuscript fragment (consisting of a few opening measures of the melody line and basso continuo portion) from a slow second movement of an otherwise unknown Albinoni trio sonata. According to Giazotto, he obtained the document shortly after the end of World War II from the Saxon State Library in Dresden, which − though its buildings were destroyed in the bombing raids of February and March 1945 by the British and American Air Forces − had evacuated and preserved most of its collection. Giazotto concluded that the manuscript fragment was a portion of a church sonata (sonata da chiesa, one of two standard forms of the trio sonata) in G minor composed by Albinoni, possibly as part of his Op. 4 set, around 1708. In his account, Giazotto then constructed the balance of the complete single-movement work based on this fragmentary theme. He copyrighted it and published it in 1958, under a title which, translated into English, reads "Adagio in G Minor for Strings and Organ, on Two Thematic Ideas and on a Figured Bass by Tomaso Albinoni".[1] Giazotto never produced the manuscript fragment, and since his death in 1998 no official record of its presence in the collection of the Saxon State Library has been found.[2] However, the discovery by musicologist Muska Mangano, Giazotto's last assistant, of a modern but independent manuscript transcription of the figured bass portion and six fragmentary bars of the first violin, "bearing in the top right-hand corner a stamp stating unequivocally the Dresden provenance of the original from which it was taken," provides some support for Giazotto's account that Albinoni was his source.[3] The scholarly consensus is that the Adagio is Giazotto's composition, whatever source may have inspired him.
The piece is most commonly orchestrated for string ensemble and organ, or string ensemble alone, but has achieved a level of fame such that it is commonly transcribed for other instruments. The Italian conductor Ino Savini (1904–1995) transcribed the Adagio for a large orchestra and conducted the piece himself in Ostrava in 1967 with the Janacek Philharmonic.
The composition has also permeated popular culture, having been used as background music for such films as Gallipoli, in television programmes, and in advertisements.[4]
托马索·阿尔比诺尼
维基百科，自由的百科全书
托马索·乔瓦尼·阿尔比诺尼（意大利语：Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni，1671年6月8日－1751年1月17日），意大利巴洛克作曲家。
托马索·齐奥凡尼·阿尔比诺尼1671年出生于意大利威尼斯，是一个富裕的造纸商的长子。少年时当过歌手，而作为小提琴手他当时更出名，后来从事歌剧和乐器作曲。因为父子关系不和，1709年其父亲去世前在遗嘱中免除了他的财产继承权（按意大利人的惯例，家庭财产应由长子继承）。从此他专心致志地为自己的爱好而作曲，并办了一所相当成功的专门培养歌唱家的艺校。他妻子就是一位歌剧演员。阿尔比诺尼一生在威尼斯度过，但去过许多地方，并得到当地名流的款待。他创作过81部歌剧，但大多数未出版，以后手稿遗失。其乐器作曲较为幸运，出版过10集，当时深受欢迎，并多次印刷，可惜他所有的音乐手稿和印刷品在第二次世界大战的轰炸中几乎毁于一殆。
阿尔比诺尼擅长协奏曲的写作，曾对巴赫产生重要的影响。他的主要器乐作品都已录制成CD。
有關《G小调柔板》（Adagio in G minor）
1945年，莱莫·齐亚左托（Remo Giazotto），米兰的一位音乐理论家，为了完成阿尔比诺尼的传记和作曲总表，来到原来保存阿尔比诺尼手稿、但已被炸成废墟的德累斯頓薩克森州立图书馆。後來齐亚左托聲稱在废墟中发现了一些三重奏鳴曲手稿的碎片，並於1958年發表了經整理後的《G小调柔板》（Adagio in G minor）。一直以來，大家都相信齐亚左托的話，而在音樂會中演奏《G小调柔板》時，樂曲解說后面都写上：阿尔比诺尼作曲，齐亚左托整理。
可是，直至1998年齐亚左托去世後，有關碎片均未曾被發現。而圖書館方面亦未曾有紀錄或保存過齐亚左托所提及的手稿碎片。現時更多的資料顯示，《G小调柔板》極可能只是齐亚左托假借阿尔比诺尼的名字而寫成的原創作品。[1][2]
