怀特岛火山是新西兰喷发容量最大,连续不断最活跃的火山。
该岛是一个直径约2公里,距离丰盛湾海岸48公里的无人居住的袖珍小岛。
怀特岛的毛利语的名字TE Puia O Whakaari意思是"戏剧性火山"
我们知道几乎所有火山的形状都是消了顶的锥型,
怀特岛火山的锥体70%位于海下,其最高点达到海拔321米。
可以说岛的大部分属于主要的火山口,火山口的坑床仅高于海平面30米。
怀特岛火山是一座至少活动了15万年的火山,它是1种层状复合锥火山,
其组成为层安山岩熔,沉积的岩流和火山碎屑(火山灰)。自有人类在新西兰居住以来,
怀特岛火山一直持续的低层次的活动和爆发。1976年到1993年为本岛在数百年内最频繁爆发活跃的时期。火山灰和烟气上升会高达10公里,爆炸似的"熔岩弹"和,板块熔岩被投进大海,夜间偶尔可从远处的丰盛湾看到焕发出炽热的红色熔岩。
1880年到1930年岛上曾有一座硫磺开采场。 在1914年,当火山口边缘的一部分雪崩般的倒塌时有11名矿工遇难。
怀特岛为私人拥有(但新西兰政府在岛上设有用于探测火山爆发的三台网络摄像机,
一个地动仪和一个麦克风),目前只有一家旅行公司允许登岛,
因此只有加入该公司的5小时快艇游才能上岛。由于没有码头,快艇到达岛的附近需乘橡皮筏才能上岸。这家公司的广告里说沿途可看到海豚,但我坐的那艘没看到。
(这张照片来自网上)怀特岛从空中俯视
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