Warwick Castle, Warwickshire

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华威城堡英语:Warwick Castle;发音为 /ˈwɒrɪk/,又译沃里克古堡),是一座位于英国沃里克郡的首邑沃里克的中世纪风格古堡。坐落于断崖边,俯瞰著雅芳河的转弯处。华威城堡是由征服者威廉于1068年所建,属于或邻接着沃里克的盎格鲁撒克逊山丘堡垒(burh)。华威城堡原本是用来作为筑城,直到十七世纪初弗路克·格雷维爵士(Sir Fulke Greville)将其改作乡间别墅(country house)为止。华威城堡原为格雷维家族所有,格雷维并于1759年至1978年间任沃里克伯爵。

自西元1088年起,华威城堡按传统是归沃里克伯爵所有,并象征是伯爵的权利。西元1153年,亨利·安茹,也就是后来的亨利二世,取得了古堡。华威城堡被用来囚禁囚犯,其中有些来自于十四世纪的普瓦捷战役。在理查·内维尔(Richard Neville)——亦称作“造王者沃里克”——的所有权之下,十五世纪的华威城堡被用来囚禁英王爱德华四世。华威城堡在规模、建造成本、历史地位等方面,常被拿来与温莎城堡相比较。

自十一世纪完建以来,华威城堡经历了多次增建塔楼、重建住宅等的结构改变。其原先是木制城寨城堡(motte-and-bailey),并于十二世纪以石材重建。英法百年战争期间,加强了华威城堡面著城镇的外墙,使其成为十四世纪公认最具识别性的军事建筑模范。

十七世纪时,古堡周围的土地被改造为花园。1978年,华威城堡被杜莎集团(The Tussauds Group)买下,开放为观光景点。华威城堡并被纳入古代遗址列表(Scheduled Ancient Monument)及一级保护建筑(Listed building) 

http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5095/5413897102_6fa0b56798_z.jpg

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