PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma Injection)增生療法治膝痛

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資料來源:
1, Chinese -
中山醫院院長吳濬哲、周適偉醫師
2. English -  Jonathan Cluett, M.D About.com Guide Updated August 11, 2012

打一針救關節退化治膝痛

被歐美運動員視為「疼痛終結者」的血小板血漿治療(稱為
PRP),去年引進台灣後即在政商界、運動界造成轟動,包括豬哥亮、籃球主播傅達仁、南僑集團董事長陳飛龍等人都曾嘗試,即使所費不貲,但只要抽自己的血打回身上,不用換關節便能擺脫膝蓋疼痛,現在就連一般民眾也都趨之若鶩。

日前在一場醫師忘年會,今年六十七歲的豬哥亮輕快地走上舞台,國台語夾雜對台下一群醫護人員說:「院長有夠厲害,前陣子,我膝蓋痛到無法走路,腰沒辦法挺直,他告訴我,只要抽出一點血再打回身上就可以解決。」

「聽了之後,我心想,哪有這麼神的事,用自己的血就能解決膝蓋疼痛,真的還假的?」豬哥亮接著說,院長真的「嘸膨風」,不到一小時,他痛得無法走路的雙腳,很快就不痛了。「我足滿意!」豬哥亮在台上比大拇指。
  
接著,八十多歲的主播傅達仁上台致詞說,上了年紀難免有膝關節疼痛問題,以前打玻尿酸,現在更厲害了,用自己的血就可以擺脫疼痛問題。
  
骨科醫師說,其實豬哥亮和傅達仁接受的,就是所謂的PRP療法,在歐美國家相當流行,去年一引進國內就在骨科界引起震憾。
  
老虎伍茲擺脫運動傷害
  
PRP療法去年才獲美國FDA核淮通過,但歐洲各國早已瘋狂流行,深受膝蓋疼痛所苦的湖人隊小飛俠布萊恩還特地跑到德國接受PRP療法,重回球場後又是一尾活龍,讓其他有同樣症頭的美國職業運動明星,爭先恐後地飛往德國打一針。
  
據國外媒體報導,接受PRP療法的運動明星,除了小飛俠布萊恩,還有洋基的A-Rod、老虎伍茲等人。而在台灣,台啤籃球隊前鋒何守正也曾施打PRP治療膝關節疼痛。
 
到國外注射PRP費用昂貴,一劑約五千美元,約合台幣十五萬元,注射一劑可維持二至四年。

 
去年台灣有好幾家廠商引進,隨即在骨科界引起回響,不少醫師戲稱,以後骨科醫師變成復健科醫師,因為不用再動刀,一針即能解決關節疼痛問題。
  
不必開刀風靡阿公阿嬤

專攻運動醫學的中山醫院院長吳濬哲表示,在國外,PRP療法原是用來治療運動員因競賽造成的運動傷害,但不只運動員有這些問題,一般民眾也常為膝關節所苦,有些人痛到寸步難行,卻寧願坐輪椅也不肯動刀,因為擔心動刀危險性高。
  
許老太太聽聞,打一針不用換關節,馬上叫兒子載她到醫院。

許阿嬤說:「人老了不中用,沒走幾步路就疼得要命,醫師說要換關節,想到醫師要把骨頭敲掉換上人工關節,就覺得很可怕。」

許阿嬤放低聲量講,隔壁有跟她差不多年紀的鄰居去換關節,不換還好,一換不得了,整個人幾乎無法走路,必須靠人攙扶,看到這樣的情形,她哪敢換關節。
  
「現在聽說不用換關節,就趕快叫兒子帶我來。」

與許阿嬤一樣也不想換關節的陳奶奶,兩腿的膝關節嚴重退化,必須長期注射玻尿酸緩解疼痛,這次她改用PRP擺脫關節疼痛。在候診室,病人你一言我一語地討論,多數老人家都想試試PRP療法。
  
「你們少年人,無法想像膝蓋疼痛時,不只無法走路,連上個廁所都有困難,不能蹲、只能坐,一坐上馬桶又站不起來,必須有人攙扶才能起來。」

王老太太在一旁叨念,大家都怕開刀,如果不用開刀就能解決關節疼痛問題,花再多錢都值得。
  
一劑一.五萬維持一年

從去年開始就替病人進行PRP療法的吳濬哲說,在他兩百多個案例裡,除了運動員外,絕大多數都是八、九十歲的老先生、老太太,長年為膝關節疼痛所苦,注射之後,很快就獲得緩解。

不過,價格不便宜,一劑費用一萬五千元,維持九個月至一年左右,比玻尿酸或葡萄糖增生療法貴好幾倍。
 
PRP療法到底是什麼?

為何能終結關節疼痛?

元復醫院副院長楊卿潔解釋,PRP療法主要是利用自己的血液分離出血液中的血小板,再把血小板所含的生長因子萃取出來,注射至疼痛處,可以減緩或是終止軟骨細胞壞死磨損,緩解關節的退化,減輕膝關節的疼痛。
  
楊卿潔進一步強調,PRP療法對於肩關節疼痛及韌帶旋轉受傷的治療效果也相當好,臨床上,也有人用於骨折開刀後或置換人工關節後,具有止痛效果,縮短修復期。
  
一般而言,骨折開刀後,骨頭會自行癒合,但癒合速度相當慢,需三個月,注射PRP不僅可緩解疼痛,還可將癒合時間縮短至一.五個月。
  
女比男易關節退化


為何女生比男生易罹患退化性關節炎?吳濬哲解釋,這是男女先天構造上的不同,比如上廁所,女生1天就比男生多彎或蹲好幾次膝蓋。
  
他說,正常人的膝關節平均每年動的次數為百萬次,算算1天至少也要動個23,000次;女生動的次數更多,頻繁使用的代價是無可避免地逐漸退化。
  
罹患退化性膝關節炎,起初以藥物止痛、延緩惡化;終極手段,就是置換人工膝關節。
  
楊卿潔強調,膝關節退化分為4個階段,前3階段還可以用PRP療法治療,一旦關節軟骨被磨損殆盡、關節嚴重變形時,注射PRP效果相當有限,必須置換人工關節才能緩解疼痛。

退化性關節炎療法大評比

玻尿酸

作用:

玻尿酸主要作用是幫「膝關節上機油」,可以緩解紅腫熱痛等不適症狀,改善關節活動範圍,使病態囊膜液正常化。

療效:

玻尿酸只是幫關節上油,讓卡卡的關節變得不卡,對輕度退化性關節炎患者,有明顯改善,但對中重度退化性患者,需先進行內視鏡關節手術再注射,才能明顯改善。

費用:

目前健保局有納入給付,退化性關節炎的患者半年內若仍無改善,可以申請110次的注射給付。

自費1劑約1,200元左右,一個療程5劑,每星期注射1次,連續注射5星期;半年後,再進行第二個療程。

  
葡萄糖增生療法

作用:

20%高濃度的葡萄糖注射至引起疼痛的筋骨交接處,利用高葡萄糖物理性的強刺激(針刺+滲透壓),啟動身體的修補機制,強化組織強度減輕痠痛。

療效:

因人而異,注射葡萄糖增生療法後,應配合自主式運動,如鍛鍊大腿前側肌群、後背肌力等,通常會有不錯的效果。

但跟絕大多數的療法一樣,它並非萬靈丹,注射4次後症狀若沒有改善,通常就認為注射無效。

費用:

一個療程48周,每星期注射1次,1次費用300元,有些人需注射2個部位,1次費用600元,整個療程費用2,4004,800元間。
  
PRP增生療法

作用:

以自體富含的血小板血漿(PRP)中所含的諸多生長因子,提供自體修復的原料,讓組織再生,終止軟骨細胞的壞死磨損,防止發炎減緩疼痛。

療效:

對於運動性造成的膝關節、肘關節、肩關節、肌腱發炎、韌帶發炎等,具有明顯效果。對於退化引起的關節炎,初步臨床觀察,退化性關節炎4級以下,都有不錯的療效。

費用:

1
劑費用15,00020,000元間,打1針可維持12年。
  
資料來源中山醫院院長吳濬哲、
周適偉醫師

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections
By Jonathan Cluett, M.D., About.com Guide
Updated August 11, 2012
Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP):
Platelet rich plasma (abbreviated PRP) is a new treatment used for some common orthopedic conditions. PRP is a concentration of platelet cells taken from your blood, and these platelets have growth factors that may help in the healing process of chronic injuries. Growth factors are chemicals that signal the body to initiate a healing response. By injecting PRP into areas of an injury, the hope is to stimulate and optimize your body's ability to heal the chronic conditions.
What PRP Can Be Used For:
PRP has been used in operating rooms for several decades to help with wound healing, and to stimulate bone formation in spinal fusion surgery. Recently, PRP has been used in outpatient settings for treatment of common overuse conditions including:
•    Achilles Tendonitis
•    Rotator Cuff Tendonitis
•    Tennis Elbow, and
•    Patellar Tendonitis
How PRP Is Obtained:
PRP is obtained from the patient. Blood is withdrawn from a vein in the patient's arm and the blood is placed in a centrifuge, a machine that spins at a high speed to separate the different types of blood cells. The physician extracts the platelet-rich portion of the blood, and injects this into the area of injury.
How PRP Is Injected:
PRP injections are given as soon as the blood has been spun and the platelets separated. Some physicians may choose to add an "activating agent," usually either thrombin or calcium chloride, while some inject just the platelets. Studies have shown that the tendons being injected can also activate the PRP, so the activating agent may not be necessary.
There is no clear science to justify a particular quantity of PRP and number of injections needed. Most physicians perform one injection, although sometimes PRP injections are given as a series of injections over a span of several weeks.
Effectiveness:
We know from laboratory studies that PRP can help increase certain growth factors that are important in the healing process. What we do not know is if this makes any difference in healing when PRP is injected into an injured part of the body.
Clinical studies that have been done so far do not clearly demonstrate if PRP is more effective than other treatments. While there are reports of cases of success, it is not known if these successes are better, or worse, than other standard treatments. Currently, investigations are underway to determine if PRP is more helpful than other treatments for chronic tendonitis.
If You Want PRP:
PRP injections can be done in a physician's office. The procedure takes about 30 minutes in order to withdraw the blood, spin the blood in the centrifuge, and inject the PRP into the injured area.
Finding a physician who provides PRP injections can be a challenge, but most commonly these are offered by orthopedic physicians who specialize in the care of chronic sports injuries.
Cost:
PRP injections are not covered by most insurance plans, so there is usually a fee for providing this service. If your insurance does not cover these injections, you can try to appeal to the insurance provider, but because there is little scientific evidence to support PRP use, the likelihood of coverage may be low.
Most physicians charge between $500 and $1,000 per injection, although I have also heard of fees up to $2,500. Fees for PRP injections vary widely, and you may be able to work out a payment with your physician.
Risks of PRP:
Side effects are uncommon, but they are possible. Whenever a needle is inserted through the skin, infection can occur. The other more common side effect of PRP injections is an increase in inflammation and pain after the injection.
PRP injections are not recommended in individuals with bleeding disorders, those taking anti-coagulation medications (e.g. Coumadin), or those who have cancer, active infections, or are pregnant.
Sources:
Hall MP, et al "Platelet-rich Plasma: Current Concepts and Application in Sports Medicine" J Am Acad Orthop Surg, Vol 17, No 10, October 2009, 602-608.


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