神爱世人的解释

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约翰福音316的神爱世人到底是指爱所有人还是所拣选的人。加尔文主义与阿民念主义经常在这句经文上纠结。看看原文:

 For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.

注意英文用的是World,中文应该是翻译成世界,而不是世人。那么到底是什么意思呢?平克(A.W.PINK)World 7种用法。我认为在约翰福音里有三种用法,ranging from "every human being without exception" to "all nations of the earth" to "non-elect humanity."

 

在约翰福音316,我认为是第一种。这么解释:The fact is that ‘the world’ is used in a general way.  当时耶稣说话的场景,解经不能离开上下文。他正在同尼哥底母讲话,尼哥底母是犹太人。基督宣称神派他儿子到世界上来,不仅是解救犹太人,还有更大的目的。要从更大的地理范围来看,远超过了巴勒斯坦的边界。that it flowed beyond the boundary of Palestine, reaching out to ‘regions beyond.’ In other words, this was Christ’s announcement that God had a purpose of grace toward Gentiles as well as Jews. ‘God so loved the world, 救 恩不只是犹太人,而且是外邦人,一直从以色列内扩展到全世界范围,所以God so loved the World,这里的世人应该是指所有的人。

凯波尔说:

  不 要以为圣经中所说的福音只是针对神所拣选的人,在这本论拣选的圣经中,也有多处说到为每一个罪人而预备的福音。看起来似乎矛盾,其实不然,因为从永远就拣 选一定数目的人得永生的神,也诚诚恳恳地邀请所有的人接受福音得永生。没有一位神学家能在人的理性里解释这似非而是的理论,但是那些伟大的神学家,谦卑地 接受这两方面都是神的真理。

  约翰福音三章16节与罗马书五章68节两处经文,不单单是为神所拣选的人而写,圣经也说到神普遍的爱,不仅指下雨、出太阳给义人、歹人,祂也诚恳的对那些听信福音的人提供救恩。神凭着自己说:“我断不喜悦恶人死亡,惟喜悦恶人转离所行的道而活”(结三十三11),使徒彼得也说:“主所应许的尚未成就,有人以为祂是耽延,其实不是耽延,乃是宽容你们,不愿有一人沉沦,乃愿人人都悔改”(彼后三9)。

  

  从这几处经文看来,基督教许多伟大的传道人,传布了神不单喜悦拯救悔改相信的人,祂也喜欢所有听见福音,而悔改相信者得救的大好消息。加尔文解释以西结书十八章23节与三十三章11节说:“神非常诚恳地愿意那些要灭亡,或向死亡之路直奔的人,回头走平安的道路。”

 另 外,上帝的拯救不仅是对人的拯救,而且是对自亚当犯罪以来破碎的世界的恢复,荷兰改革宗神学家巴文克认为:一、以创造为本的世界观(creation- based worldview):三一神从无到有创造的世界,包括属灵的天与属物质的宇宙;创造者与受造界两者必须区分不可溷淆(creator and creature distinction)。对造物主的敬拜、敬畏、尊崇、爱慕与倚赖,是认识、管理与享受受造世界的基础。
二、救赎是 创造的恢复与更新(redemption as re-creation):被罪玷污的受造界,神设计救赎计画挽救、恢复、更新,最后将受造界带到比受造之初更荣耀的高潮,但不是废弃它而再造它。神在这 个世界(this world)的工作,将有意义地成全将来的那个世界(the world to come)。
三、恩典恢复了自然(grace restores nature):特殊启示与特殊恩典重新赋予堕落人性更新的知识与性情去认识与应用神的普遍启示与普遍恩典中,以实现神在人受造之初的管家使命 (cultural mandate),作为福音使命(gospel mandate)的表现。

以下是Pink的原文,供参考

It cannot mean the whole human race, for one half of the race was already in hell when Christ came to earth. It is unfair to insist that it means every human being now living, for every other passage in the New Testament where God’s love is mentioned limits it to His own people — search and see! The objects of God’s love in John 3:16 are precisely the same as the objects of Christ’s love in John 13:1: ‘Now before the Feast of the Passover, when Jesus knew that His time was come, that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved His own which were in the world, He loved them unto the end.’ We may admit that our interpretation of John 3:16 is no novel one invented by us, but one almost uniformly given by the Reformers and Puritans, and many others since them. (The Sovereignty of God)

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