(原创:灵隐士)
康拉德的忧伤我的忧伤(3)——那忧伤的历史
(I was thinking of very old times, when the Romans first came here, nineteen hundred years ago--the other day. . . . Light came out of this river since--you say Knights? Yes; but it is like a running blaze on a plain, like a flash of lightning in the clouds. We live in the flicker--may it last as long as the old earth keeps rolling! But darkness was here yesterday. Imagine the feelings of a commander of a fine--what d'ye call 'em?--trireme in the Mediterranean, ordered suddenly to the north; run overland across the Gauls in a hurry; put in charge of one of these craft the legionaries,--a wonderful lot of handy men they must have been too--used to build, apparently by the hundred, in a month or two, if we may believe what we read. Imagine him here--the very end of the world, a sea the color of lead, a sky the color of smoke, a kind of ship about as rigid as a concertina--and going up this river with stores, or orders, or what you like. Sandbanks, marshes, forests, savages,--precious little to eat fit for a civilized man, nothing but Thames water to drink. No Falernian wine here, no going ashore. Here and there a military camp lost in a wilderness, like a needle in a bundle of hay--cold, fog, tempests, disease, exile, and death,--death skulking in the air, in the water, in the bush. They must have been dying like flies here. Oh yes--he did it. Did it very well, too, no doubt, and without thinking much about it either, except afterwards to brag of what he had gone through in his time, perhaps. They were men enough to face the darkness. And perhaps he was cheered by keeping his eye on a chance of promotion to the fleet at Ravenna by-and-by, if he had good friends in Rome and survived the awful climate. Or think of a decent young citizen in a toga--perhaps too much dice, you know--coming out here in the train of some prefect, or tax-gatherer, or trader even, to mend his fortunes. Land in a swamp, march through the woods, and in some inland post feel the savagery, the utter savagery, had closed round him, --all that mysterious life of the wilderness that stirs in the forest, in the jungles, in the hearts of wild men. There's no initiation either into such mysteries. He has to live in the midst of the incomprehensible, which is also detestable. And it has a fascination, too, that goes to work upon him. The fascination of the abomination--you know. Imagine the growing regrets, the longing to escape, the powerless disgust, the surrender, the hate.")
在第四页,借助于船长马洛之口,康拉德表达出了自己的一些看法。通过回溯远古时期的大不列颠,在罗马文明侵入之前,最初那混沌洪荒的年代。是两幅面孔,一面是原始的过往,被外人征服被动之极,另一个是文明的现状,主动出击去征服别人。这就是历史的轮回。时间一直前行,但是人的行为却如钟表指针一样在循环。虽然代代相传,生生不息,但是如此黑暗,如此忧伤。就像用了一个高倍的放大镜,康拉德让读者贴近着历史的面孔,注视着那些第一次远渡重洋来吃螃蟹的罗马人,他们的一言一行,一举一动。跟随他们的脚步,观察着他们的面孔,倾听着他们的呼吸,以及内心之中脉搏的震颤,感受着他们内心的恐慌,内心的无助,以及内心的黑暗。描绘地非常细致细腻,完全符合人的感官机能,极为合乎逻辑地剖析着拓荒先锋们,同时也是征服者的内心世界,展现出他们心理上的一转一动,让读者一笔一划地了解到他们内心之所以变得黑暗的深层缘由。
这一段虽然挺长,可是绝对值得咀嚼一下。尝试翻译如下:
“我在想那些很久以前的事儿,当时罗马人第一个来到了咱这地方,1900年前吧,之后才有那么一天,也就是从那一天开始,咱这条河里才开始出现了光明(Light)——什么你说骑士(Knight)?咳咳也对,也挺对的。不过当时它呢就像一团火焰卷过整片草原,一道闪电刺穿团团乌云。瞧瞧,我们的生活环境总是在不停地摇晃着闪变着——只要地球这老家伙一直转动下去,那就永远不会消停下来!来想象一下当时的情境吧,领头那个衣饰华贵的指挥官大人,他心里才会有的那种感觉——你们觉得会是什么样子呢?——在他的脚下踩着的是一艘三层至尊战舰,他倾听着地中海上传出的声音,那是海浪的呼吸与召唤,情感奔涌之下,突然大手一挥一声令下,行程匆匆如也一路向北,翻山越岭穿越高卢,来到英吉利海峡之岸。麾下掌管着一支庞杂船队所组成的军团,——当然少不了带着一大批能工巧匠,绝对少不了——来帮助就地建造木船,那木船少说也得造个几百条,一定要在一两个月的工期内完成,如果书里面写着的那些是正确的话。再想象一下,当他到达这里的时候,在世界远端一个偏远的角落,现在完全不一样了,脚下成了一片铅灰色的海水,顶上成了一片烟灰色的天空,这时候木船怕是也变得像手风琴一样,破板破料粗粗糙糙的——然后沿着咱这条河,向上费着劲逆着流,携带着生活必备物品,也带着大官们的命令,或者想带什么就带上什么吧。四周抬眼一望,我的老天,沙土河岸,污沼泥潭,老树林子,野蛮人群——都是这些呀,对于一个来自文明社会的文明人来说,那真是连找一个下嘴的地方都找不到,除了这泰晤士里的河水可以管个饱以外,其它啥想要的都没有。没有他们家乡费兰人才会酿造的美味葡萄酒,也不可以轻易就登陆上岸。你咋知道啊,在这无尽的荒野,不定在哪个旮旯里就藏着一个武装小分队,栖居在那儿,隐没着,就像草垛里掉了一根针一样难找——这还没完,还有酷寒,浓雾,暴风骤雨,疾病,流离失所想家的感觉,最后一个,死亡——死亡之影或许萦绕在空中,或许藏匿在水里,或许闪躲在密林。这种地方啊,他们很可能就像飞虫一般死掉,没错,就是这样子,像极了一个微不足道的小小飞虫,这没有什么值得质疑的,人的脑袋里也无需想得太复杂,当然可以往好处想,如果他挺过了这一关并活到了他的时代,到那时候,他就有这个资本敢向别人吹嘘炫耀一下。这些才真正是面对过黑暗,并感受过黑暗的人。虽然苦,虽然闷,可是想到自己的未来,自己也许有机会一点一点晋升上位,成为拉韦纳皇家舰队中的一员,他或许会转颜心里雀跃一下,当然这也要看他在罗马有没有会办事的朋友,还有就是自己能不能熬过那糟糕要命的气候。也许他会梦想到自己的未来,在罗马的大街上成了一个体面的年轻市民,身着托加长袍——也许,我这里面已经太多的也许了,你明白吧?——要知道跟他一起呆在车厢里,一起同来这儿为了明天的,还有一些是干收税,搞交易的人,这些人都会让他手里的财富少上那么一些。梦想支持着,他们带着勇气踏进泥沼,穿过树林,在内陆的某个哨所感受着土著野蛮的行径,绝对的野蛮!他们会被慢慢地包围住,然后被慢慢地逼近,那些荒野里所有的生命,无比的神秘,在不停搅动着,搅动着森林,搅动着密丛,也搅动着狂野之人的内心。这些神神秘秘的东西,到底是为啥会引发的呢?这没有人会知道缘由。能做的,不得不去做的,只有尽力活下去,在这种无法理喻的氛围中全力活下去,你说,这心里会舒服吗?一定会愤恨不平,一定会的。当然这里面也有一种蛊惑的魅力让他欲罢不能,要不为啥来啊。这蛊惑之魅让他完全仇视其它一切——你明白吧?你想想看,一个人整天老是在后悔,后悔越演越烈,心里面老是渴望着逃离这鬼地方,天天埋怨自己没出息,甚至想过要举手投降,这慢慢慢慢地,最后心里只剩下仇恨,只有仇恨二字。”
(Mind, none of us would feel exactly like this. What saves us is efficiency--the devotion to efficiency. But these chaps were not much account, really. They were no colonists; their administration was merely a squeeze, and nothing more, I suspect. They were conquerors, and for that you want only brute force--nothing to boast of, when you have it, since your strength is just an accident arising from the weakness of others. They grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind --as is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the idea only. An idea at the back of it; not a sentimental pretense but an idea; and an unselfish belief in the idea--something you can set up, and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to. . . )
之后第五页船长马洛马不停蹄又说出一段话。那批罗马人一脚踏入陌生的黑暗之中,神秘的黑暗之中,逐渐地,眼睛什么就都看不见了,心里也慢慢地变得暗黑了,野蛮残忍,于是人跟黑暗完美地融为一体。这些早期的罗马人说是文明人,但是踏入英格兰之后尽干些黑暗的事,给原始愚钝的英格兰本土人带来了无尽的痛苦与忧伤。不过风水轮流转,如今的大不列颠人也摇身一变,重复着当年罗马人的所作所为,一个升级后的版本,用更有效能的办法,走向地球更远端其它更多的地方,把更多的痛苦和忧伤施加到更多的他人身上。完全忘记了当年自己身上的那些痛苦与忧伤。
时间永远向前,历史不停上下拍合,转着大大长长的圈圈,从原始森林迈到文明城市,人性也在转变,只是转变向何方?更文明吗?少数还是多数?能全部吗?“己所不欲,勿施于人。”2500年前一位东方伟人认真地说。只是这世界变得越来越健忘,反之道而行之,“俺之所以叫你做就是因为俺不愿做,俺做不到,否则干嘛找你?用你要花钱的,难道骂一下不应该吗?”歧视侮辱人现在依旧存在着,不同的形式而已。
历史不正是这样吗,果然让人忧伤。
尝试翻译如下:
“注意听我说,我们是没法子感同身受的,谁也做不到。因为我们现在的效能可强太多了——多亏人类对效能孜孜不倦的追求。虽然效能差,可是当时这帮家伙们不讲什么道理的,真的这样。他们不是真正的殖民者来管教人的,我个人强烈怀疑他们的管理水平,因为基础素质基本为零。他们应该被称为征服者,你只要有力气够残暴就能报名加入——这其实没啥值得炫耀的,一个人有这个能力,并不是因为他够强大,而是恰恰巧他对上了某些人的弱点,那些人没力气不够残暴而已。他们这些鸟人啊,想抢什么就玩儿命似的去抢。纯粹基于暴力在抢劫,大范围内杀戮永不停歇,在这里每个人的眼睛慢慢地就啥都看不见了,瞎了啊——不过对这些整天想着怎么对付黑暗的人来说,睁眼瞎倒挺搭配他们的。征服整个地球,大多数情况下,还不就是把它抢过来的意思?从那些跟自己外貌不一样,可能鼻子更扁平的人手里面?如果你仔细揣摩一下,这绝对不是什么好事善事。事后后悔想赎罪也只能存在一个想法,马后炮,就算出于真实的情感也没法子补偿到,只能作为一个想法而已。如果这人的想法还残存着信念,正直无私的信念——那么你不妨这样去操作,自己亲自安排一下,去他们的坟前低个头鞠个躬,献上个祭品啥的,绝对能行。”