去年全球7000多万人流离失所，创历史新高
据美联社5月11日报道，根据挪威难民事务委员会境内流离失所情况监测中心11日发布的一份报告，受乌克兰战争的影响，去年全球因冲突或自然灾害而在国内流离失所的总人数创下纪录，达到7110万人。
截至2022年底，因乌克兰战争，乌克兰国内有590万人被迫迁移，使全球因冲突和暴力而在国内流离失所的总人数超过6200万人，自2021年以来增加了17%。在长达十多年的内战后，叙利亚有680万人因冲突而流离失所。
2022年底，因洪水和饥荒等灾害而在国内流离失所的人数达到870万人，比2021年增加了45%。
国内流离失所者指的是被迫在本国境内迁移的人员，而挪威境内流离失所情况监测中心的报告未将那些离开本国前往他国的流离失所者计算在内。
冲突在乌克兰、叙利亚、埃塞俄比亚和其他一些地方肆虐，2023年并无停歇。联合国移民(专题)机构本周表示，在短短几周内，苏丹武装部队与快速支援部队之间的冲突已经导致70万人在国内流离失所。
挪威境内流离失所情况监测中心称，2022年连续第三年出现的拉尼娜现象是导致人们因自然灾害而流离失所的一个主要因素。该中心的报告认为，受拉尼娜现象影响，巴基斯坦、尼日利亚和巴西因洪灾而流离失所的人数创下纪录，而索马里、肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚则出现了有记录以来最严重的干旱。
挪威难民事务委员会秘书长扬·埃格兰说，2022年冲突与自然灾害叠加导致“流离失所人数前所未有”。
Global Report on Internal Displacement 2023 (GRID 2023): Internal displacement and food security
Source IDMC
Attachments
Download Report(PDF | 19.74 MB)All-time high of 71 million people internally displaced worldwide
11 May 2023, Geneva - The number of internally displaced people (IDPs) around the world reached 71.1 million as of the end of 2022, an increase of 20 per cent from the previous year, according to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre’s flagship annual report.
The number of movements in which people fled in search of safety and shelter, sometimes more than once, was also unprecedented in 2022. The figure of 60.9 million was up 60 per cent from the previous year. The conflict in Ukraine triggered nearly 17 million displacements as people fled repeatedly from rapidly shifting frontlines, and monsoon floods in Pakistan triggered 8.2 million, accounting for a quarter of the year’s global disaster displacement.
“Today’s displacement crises are growing in scale, complexity and scope, and factors like food insecurity, climate change and escalating and protracted conflicts are adding new layers to this phenomenon,” said IDMC’s director, Alexandra Bilak. “Greater resources and further research are essential to help understand and better respond to IDPs’ needs”.
Internal displacement is a global phenomenon, but nearly three-quarters of the world’s IDPs live in just 10 countries - Syria, Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ukraine, Colombia, Ethiopia, Yemen, Nigeria, Somalia and Sudan - many as a result of unresolved conflicts that continued to trigger significant displacement in 2022.
Conflict and violence triggered 28.3 million internal displacements worldwide, a figure three times higher than the annual average over the past decade. Beyond Ukraine, nine million or 32 per cent of the global total were recorded in sub-Saharan Africa. DRC accounted for around four million and Ethiopia just over two million.
The number of disaster displacements rose by nearly 40 per cent compared to the previous year, reaching 32.6 million, largely the result of the effects of La Niña which continued for a third consecutive year. South Asia recorded the highest regional figure, surpassing East Asia and the Pacific for the first time in a decade. In the Horn of Africa, the worst drought in 40 years triggered 2.1 million movements, including 1.1 million in Somalia alone, while fuelling acute food insecurity across the region.
The secretary general of the Norwegian Refugee Council, Jan Egeland, described the overlapping crises around the world as a "perfect storm".
"Conflict and disasters combined last year to aggravate people’s pre-existing vulnerabilities and inequalities, triggering displacement on a scale never seen before," he said. "The war in Ukraine also fuelled a global food security crisis that hit the internally displaced hardest. This perfect storm has undermined years of progress made in reducing global hunger and malnutrition."
Better data and analysis are still needed to improve understanding of the relationship between food security and displacement, but IDMC’s report shows that the former is often a consequence of the latter and can have lasting impacts on both IDPs and host communities. Three-quarters of the countries that face crisis levels of food insecurity are also home to IDPs.
Shining light on this connection is key to understanding how IDPs are affected by disruptions to food systems, but also how future investments in food security will be essential to reaching solutions.
“There is an increasing need for durable solutions to meet the scale of the challenges facing displaced people,” Bilak said. “This spans the expansion of cash assistance and livelihood programmes that improve IDPs’ economic security, through to investments in risk reduction measures that strengthen their communities’ resilience.”
NOTES TO EDITORS:
Visit our dedicated GRID landing page to download the report and explore interactive infographics, country-specific information and videos.
A selection of images and b-roll footage, and the raw dataset are available upon request.
See our infographic and explainer video on how to understand our figures.
About IDMC:
Every day, people flee conflict and disasters and become displaced inside their own countries. IDMC, established in 1998 as part of the Norwegian Refugee Council, provides data and analysis and supports partners in identifying and implementing solutions to internal displacement.
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