大美司法不同

认人待物,不断学习,提高商业和经济方敏锐的洞察力
打印 被阅读次数

是的,美国对参议员和众议员的起诉非常困难,主要原因在于宪法保护、法律豁免和政治因素。以下是几个关键原因:

1. 宪法保护(Speech or Debate Clause)

美国宪法第一条第六款(Speech or Debate Clause)规定,国会议员在国会会议期间的任何发言、辩论或投票,都享有豁免权,不受法律追究。这意味着他们在履行立法职责时不会因言论或行动被起诉。

2. 法律豁免权

除了宪法保护,国会议员还享有一定程度的法律豁免权,例如:

  • 在国会开会期间,不因轻微犯罪(如民事诉讼)被逮捕或拘留。
  • 但严重犯罪(如重罪或叛国罪)不受豁免。

3. 政治影响

即使有证据,起诉国会议员也涉及高度政治化的考量

  • 司法部和检察官的谨慎态度:美国司法部通常需要进行深入调查,并确保案件不会被解读为党派斗争。
  • 党派对抗和公众舆论:如果案件涉及在任议员,民主党或共和党可能会动员力量进行辩护,影响案件推进。

4. 弹劾 vs. 刑事起诉

对于总统等高级官员,通常先通过国会弹劾程序,再进行法律追责。而对于国会议员,虽然没有正式弹劾程序,但两院可以通过道德调查、驱逐(Expulsion)或惩戒的方式处理成员。但刑事案件仍然需要司法系统介入。

5. 历史案例

尽管困难,美国历史上仍有一些国会议员被起诉或定罪的案例,如:

  • 2021年:加州共和党众议员邓肯·亨特(Duncan Hunter)因挪用竞选资金被定罪。
  • 2005年:众议员兰迪·杜克·坎宁安(Randy “Duke” Cunningham)因受贿被判刑。
登录后才可评论.
Logo

Looks like your ad blocker is on.

×

We rely on ads to keep creating quality content for you to enjoy for free.

Please support our site by disabling your ad blocker.

Continue without supporting us

Choose your Ad Blocker

  • Adblock Plus
  • Adblock
  • Adguard
  • Ad Remover
  • Brave
  • Ghostery
  • uBlock Origin
  • uBlock
  • UltraBlock
  • Other
  1. In the extension bar, click the AdBlock Plus icon
  2. Click the large blue toggle for this website
  3. Click refresh
  1. In the extension bar, click the AdBlock icon
  2. Under "Pause on this site" click "Always"
  1. In the extension bar, click on the Adguard icon
  2. Click on the large green toggle for this website
  1. In the extension bar, click on the Ad Remover icon
  2. Click "Disable on This Website"
  1. In the extension bar, click on the orange lion icon
  2. Click the toggle on the top right, shifting from "Up" to "Down"
  1. In the extension bar, click on the Ghostery icon
  2. Click the "Anti-Tracking" shield so it says "Off"
  3. Click the "Ad-Blocking" stop sign so it says "Off"
  4. Refresh the page
  1. In the extension bar, click on the uBlock Origin icon
  2. Click on the big, blue power button
  3. Refresh the page
  1. In the extension bar, click on the uBlock icon
  2. Click on the big, blue power button
  3. Refresh the page
  1. In the extension bar, click on the UltraBlock icon
  2. Check the "Disable UltraBlock" checkbox
  1. Please disable your Ad Blocker
  2. Disable any DNS blocking tools such as AdGuardDNS or NextDNS

If the prompt is still appearing, please disable any tools or services you are using that block internet ads (e.g. DNS Servers).

Logo