走进历史——秘鲁马丘比丘迷失之城

距离秘鲁古印加首都库斯科120公里的安第斯山脉中,在一座海拔2400
多米的高山顶上,有一个被遗弃的古城——马丘比丘。古城建于两座险峰之
间的一个马鞍形的山脊。城市的西侧可以俯瞰乌鲁班巴河谷。唯一的城门建
在城市南端的高处。整个城市设计、布局错落有致:城市中心有广场,广场
周围有神庙、宫室、作坊和民宅。城市周围布满梯田,农耕特色明显。据考
证,古城建于印加帝国的全盛时期。
为什么要在这高山之巅建一座城市呢?有几种说法:一种是说为了祭
祀太阳神;另外一种说法是帝国战后的休整之地;还有一种说法是规避政治
纷扰而经营的世外桃源。
印加文明起源于公元6世纪,在16世纪中叶达到它的极盛时期,其版图
以今天的秘鲁为中心,南达智利中部,北至厄瓜多尔、玻利维亚的的大部分
及阿根廷西北部,南北跨度长达4000公里,面积200多万公里,人口1200多万。
16世纪中叶,西班牙殖民者的入侵,使这个当时强大的印加帝国迅速瓦解。
由于印加人没有文字,印加帝国的灭亡,也标志着印加文明的消失,马丘比
丘迷失之城也许永远找不到它的起源和解释它的神秘。









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