先请看旧贴:
谈谈功率和扭矩(序):为什么要谈马力和扭力
谈谈功率和扭矩(一):理论先行,先讲一点物理
谈谈功率和扭矩(二):再谈金科玉律的公式
谈谈功率和扭矩(三):变速箱到底变了什么?
谈谈功率和扭矩(四):来看发动机的马力扭矩曲线
我们知道马力是功率的常用单位。在英国、美国等一些国家采用的是英制马力(hp)。1英制马力等于550英尺磅/秒,等于745.7瓦特。在18世纪后期,英国物理学家瓦特为了测定新制造出来的蒸汽机的功率,他把马力的定义规定为在1分钟内把1000磅的重物升高33英尺的功,用字母HP表示,这就是英制马力的由来。马力的另一种定义是公制的马力,它取了一个非常接近英制马力的值,规定1公制马力是在1秒钟内完成75千克力米的功。即:1米制马力=75千克力米/秒=735瓦特。1英制马力=1.014公制马力。
至于发动机的马力,各国有许多种不同测试标准,如DIN、SAE、EEC、JIS等等。(德国的DIN,欧洲共同体的新标准EEC,日本的JIS是以公制的PS为马力单位,而SAE使用的是英制的hp为单位)。具体这些标准有什么不同,大家可以自己上网搜索一下。实际上它们是大同小异的。
我们实用的金科玉律的公式: 功率(hp)=扭矩(lb-ft)x转速(rpm)/5252 是以英制马力计算出的。
汽车发动机马力的测试,根据测试点的不同,还有另一种分类。英文好像更准确些,我也懒得翻译了。
Brake Horsepower (bhp): Prior to electronic bench testing, horsepower was quantified as the amount of resistance against a flywheel brake. Although the method is no longer used, the term remains an industry standard.
Gross Horsepower: Absolute maximum horsepower at the flywheel, with no load or drag from auxiliary systems, such as the alternator, water pump, etc. Created in an ideal environment with precisely controlled intake and exhaust flow characteristics, this category is of little practical use.
Net Horsepower: Maximum horsepower at the flywheel, with intake and exhaust systems in place and accounting for load from auxiliary systems. This is what most automotive manufacturers publish as SAE net horsepower.
Real-wheel Horsepower: Measured on a chassis dyno, the maximum horsepower transferred to the ground by the rear wheels. It can be affected by gearing, with lower (numerically higher) gearing tending to indicate a lower torque peak. Considered the most practical measurement of usable horsepower, it is the standard used in all 4WD vehicle tests whenever possible.
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