Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (注意力缺陷或多动综合症)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(注意力缺陷或多动综合症)是Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders(注意力缺陷和破坏性行为障碍的一种,它具有以下表现:

A. Either (1) or (2):无论(1)或(2)中

(1) six (or more) of the following symptoms of inattention have persisited for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level:
有六项或以上注意力不集中现象持续了六个月,而且其程度到了不能适应生活需要,与其发育年纪不符合.
  Inattention
注意力缺陷
(a) often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities
经常不能专心于细节或者经常在学习,工作或其它活动中粗心大意
(b) often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
经常难于做要专心的事情或游戏
(c) often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
在与人直接进行交谈的时候经常走神
(d) often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions)
经常不能遵守学习上或工作中的指示,从而不能完成任务.这种不能完成任务不是因为对抗或没有弄懂指示.
(e) offen has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
经常有困难完成有条理性的工作和活动
(f) often aviods, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework)
经常回避,不喜欢,或不情愿去参与需要持续费精神的事情(学校活动或家庭作业)
(g) often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools)
经常丢失工作和学习中需要的东西(如玩具,布置的作业,铅笔,书,工具)
(h) is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
经常很容易被外界干扰所吸引
(i) is often forgetful in daily activities
经常忘事情
(2) six (or more) of the following symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level:
六项或多于六项以下的多动-冲动,并持续了至少六个月,其程度达到影响功能,与发育年纪不符合

Hyperactivity
多动

(a) often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
经常坐立不安或手脚不停
(b) often leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected
在需要坐在位子上的场合经常下来走动
(c) often runs about or climbs excessively in situations in which it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults, my be limited to subjective feelings of restlessness)
经常不合时宜地跑来跑去或爬高上低(对于青少年和成人可能是坐立不安的感觉)
(d) often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
经常难于参与需要安静的游戏或活动
(f) often talks excessively
经常话说的过多
Impulsivity
冲动
(g) often blurts out answers before questions have been completed
经常在问题问完以前抢答
(h) often has difficulty awaiting turn
经常不能等待轮流到自己
(i) often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into converstions or games)
经常打断或干扰其他人的交谈或活动(例如,插入其他人正在进行的谈话或游戏)
B. Some hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that caused impairment were present before age 7 years.
一些引起功能障碍的多动-冲动症状在七岁以前开始
C. Some impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings (e.g., at school (or at work) and at home).
一些因多动-冲动造成的功能障碍出现在两种或以上场合(如,学校(工作单位)加上家庭)
D. There must clear evidence of clinically significant imapirment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
所有障碍必须是已经达到了影响社会活动参与,学习,工作的临床诊断.
E. The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Schizophrenia, or other Psychotic Disorder and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., Mood Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Dissociative Disorder, or a Personality Disorder).
所有症状不是由于全身性发育障碍,精神分裂症,或其它精神错乱性疾病造成的,也不能用其它一些精神疾病来解释(如情绪障碍,焦虑症,分裂症,或人格障碍)