Separation anxiety disorder 离别焦虑障碍

A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by three (or more) of the following:
离开家或关系密切的亲人时出现与发育年龄不符的过于焦虑,主要有以下三种或以上表现
(1) recurrent excessive distress when separation from home or major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated
在离开家或关系密切的亲人时出现或预计出现反复过度的痛苦悲伤
(2）persistent and excessive worry about losing, or about possible harm befalling, major attachment figures
过度和持续地担心会失去关系紧密的亲人或有灾难会降临到关系紧密的亲人身上
(3) persistent and excessive worry that an untoward event will lead to separation from a major attachment figure (e.g., getting lost or being kidnapped)
持续和过度地担心一个意外事件会导致与关系密切的亲人分离(如丢失或拐走)
(4) persistent reluctance or refusal to go to school or elsewhere because of fear of separation
反复地避免或拒绝上学或去其他地方因为害怕分离
(5）Persistently and excessively fearful or reluctant to be alone or without major attachment figures at home or without significant adults in other settings
反复过度地害怕独自在家或没有关系密切亲人在家或其他场合的陪伴
(6) persistent reluctance or refusal to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure or to sleep away from home
睡觉时反复避免或拒绝没有关系密切的亲人陪伴
(7) repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation
经常做分离的恶梦
(8) repeated complaints of physical symptoms (such as headaches, stomach-aches, nausea, or vomiting) when separation from major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated
在与关系密切的亲人分离时会反复主诉身体不适(如头痛,胃痛,恶心,呕吐)
B. The duration of the disturbance is at least 4 weeks.
至少持续发病四个月
C. The onset is before age 18 years.
发病在18岁以前
D. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic (occupational), or other important areas of functioning.
障碍严重影响到社交,学习,工作和其他重要的事情
E. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder and, and in adolescents and adults, is not better accounted for by panic disorder with agoraphobia
这些障碍不仅仅发生在其他一些精神障碍发作期间(如广泛性发育障碍,精神分裂症,其他精神错乱性疾病)也不符合陌生场合恐怖症的诊断.