一个有关癌基因与遗传概念的修正

药山有路勤为径,医海无涯心作灯
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癌症是基因病,但不一定是遗传病。

癌症是细胞基因突变而造成细胞分化生长异成,发生变异的是细胞遗传物质;但癌基因不一定遗传,因为发生突变的是某一种体细胞,而非所有细胞;如果生殖细胞没有变异,那么传给子代的遗传物质并没有癌基因。

那么所谓家族史或者高危人群又如何解释?细胞分化生长的调控是一个极其复杂的过程,涉及多种因子,并有严格的监管和修复系统。一般情况下,癌症的形成是多个环节出了问题。如果一个家族或者特定人群,涉及某个环节的基因(比如说,编码DNA修复酶或者细胞信号传递系统的表面受体)已经有了问题(基因突变造成功能或者活性改变),那么随机突变造成癌变的几率就增加了。

举例说,如果一个癌症形成需要四种因素,如果某人或家族已经具备了两种因素,那么癌变的几率就比正常高了很多。当然,这只是统计概率,具体到个人,则与本人生活环境,生活习惯有关。

基因治疗只是以变异的遗传物质为靶,(其它治疗是以变异的蛋白或者细胞为靶),只要是变异的基因可以确定就可以使用,可以用以遗传病,也可以用于非遗传病,包括癌症。

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