?執筆 ashes of time
甲午戰爭,大清帝國一敗塗地。現在,很多人寫文章,扒出大清種種不堪,然後下結論說——清軍本來就必敗無疑。
持這種看法的人,恐怕是「事後諸葛亮」。
當年,國際社會普遍認為大清帝國贏面大,就是日本自己也沒有戰勝大清的把握。至於大清帝國統治者,更是認為自己必勝:我打不過西方列強,我還打不過你小日本?何況我現在有北洋海軍。
然而,戰爭一開打,清軍一敗塗地。值得玩味的是,真實的戰局全世界都知道就一個群體不知道——大清普通子民。他們不是不知道消息,而是從報紙上看到大量報導——我朝大軍屢戰屢勝,日軍一敗再敗……
然而,用再厚實的紙包裹謊言,也很容易被真相之火燒得灰飛煙滅。當台灣被割走,全國還要賠償2億兩白銀,謊言編不下去了。大勝的宣傳和大敗的事實,形成了巨大反差。
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這麼大一口鍋,當然需要一個大人物來背——李鴻章。儘管他在馬關挨了一槍,為國家節省了1億兩銀子,回國後仍被痛罵為漢奸,人人喊殺。慈禧當然知道李鴻章是代自己受過,為了保護他,讓其出洋考察,避避風頭……
戰前的大清,有些外強中乾,就好像一座外表光鮮,結構腐朽的房子,外面的人只看到油漆很新也刷得漂亮。只有裡面的人比如李鴻章才知道真相,但他不敢說破。而且,大伙兒需要一個強大的國家,媒體滿足了大家的心理和願望。李鴻章的戰略是「保持猛虎在山之勢」,威懾對手,但很清楚不能真打……
講多少道理,都不如一堵南牆,頭破血流才知道疼知道錯知道改。甲午戰爭後,出現了留日大潮,中國現代史上政界、軍界、文壇不少牛人大咖都有留日經歷……
下面,是大清媒體對甲午戰爭的圖片報導,有火牛陣大破日軍(以及放狗打敗日軍),擒殺日軍統帥樺山資紀(實為日本海軍軍令部部長),還有娘子軍,甚至還知道日本人民不願當兵賣命等……而且,關於大陸戰場和海上戰場很簡略,關於朝鮮和台灣戰場很詳細,箇中玄妙,諸位邊看邊品吧。
大清記者XXX按:
甲午一戰,我大清雄師水陸並進,大敗蕞爾倭寇。下面是我朝攝影記者從前方發回的綜合報導,分7個部分展開:(1)綜述;(2)海上戰場;(3)朝鮮戰場;(4)大陸戰場;(5)台灣戰場;(6)花絮;(7)附錄。
所謂「有圖有真相」,本次報導主要以圖片為主展開。
為擴大國際影響,揚我國威,特別雙語刊出,考慮到中西文化不同,語句略有不同。
綜述
我軍水、陸皆捷
Victory at sea during the Sino-Japanese War
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二、海上戰場
1.鴨綠江海戰大捷
The victorious battle at the Yalu River
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2.我軍擊沉日艦
Japanese ships are sunk
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3.我海軍在朝鮮大獲全勝
Victory in the naval battle in Korea
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4.我海軍大勝
Naval battle victory
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三、朝鮮戰場
1.我軍陸戰在朝鮮大勝
Victory in the land battle in Korea
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2.我軍葉志超部水陸並進(1)
The soldiers of General Ye Zhichao march and fight on land and at sea
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3.我軍葉志超部水陸並進(2)
The soldiers of General Nie Shicheng fight on land and at sea
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4.我軍葉志超部水陸並進(3)
The soldiers of General Ye Zhichao march and fight on land and at sea
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5.牙山大捷(1)
Victory at Asan Japanese slaves in the Korean capital
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6.牙山大捷(2)
Victory at Asan
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7.牙山大捷(3)
Victory at Asan
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8.牙山大捷(4)
News of the victory at Asan
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9.我軍在朝鮮利用牛陣取得夜戰勝利
Victory with cattle during the night in Korea war
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10.平壤夜戰(1)
The night battle of Pyongyang
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11.平壤夜戰(2)
The night battle of Pyongyang
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12.我軍葉志超、聶士成兩部聯合左寶貴部,收復平壤
Soldiers of Ye Zhichao and Nie Shicheng join together the battalion of Zuo Baogui and retake Pyongyang
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13.宋慶將軍光復平壤
General Song Qing conquers the Korean capital
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14.平壤大捷
Victory in Pyongyang
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15.克復朝鮮(1)
Retaking Korea
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16.克復朝鮮(2)
Retaking Korea
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三、大陸戰場
1.我彭將軍坐鎮邊境
The battalion division with horses illustration
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2.我軍宋慶、聶士成部在連山關大敗日軍
Victory at Lianshanguan by the soldiers of Generals Song Qing and Nie Shicheng
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3.宋慶將軍在摩天嶺用地雷戰擊敗敵軍
Fenhuangcheng landmine ambush leads General Song to victory at the Motian pass
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4.威海衛大捷
Victory in the battle of Weihaiwei
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五、台灣戰場
1.日軍攻入台北,全島人心惶惶
Everyone who is coming from Tainan reports that Japanese soldiers got into Taipei government house
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2.日寇向國外借8000騎兵進攻台南,被擊退後不敢登島
(Left)The Japanese reportedly borrow from another country eight thousand cavalry to attack Tainan...
(Right) Japanese forces are wounded and do not dare to land on the Chinese shores.
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3.台灣鄉紳議定絕不割地
Taiwan's officials and prominent citizens refuse to allow cession of territory
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4.台灣有錢人家慷慨解囊支持軍隊和政府
Commoners from all over Taiwan donate silver to the President of the Republic Tang Xianmin to support the costs of war
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5.劉永福將軍率領大軍進軍安南
Recent news General Liu recruits tens of thousands of people to march towards Annan
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6.日寇聽說劉將軍回師新竹,嚇得趕緊跑路
Japanese army retreats inexorably after General Liu's army takes back the city of Zhuqian modern day Hsinchu
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7.我軍在台灣用狗擊敗日寇
(Left) Lin Chaodong is famous also in Taiwan.
(Right) Inciting dogs to defeat the Japanese
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8.劉將軍收復海關
Some days ago, General Liu's army has recaptured Taiwan's customs post
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9.劉將軍擒獲日寇首領樺山資紀
General Liu Yongfu interrogates the captured Japanese governor Kabayama
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10.日寇被劉將軍打敗後畏之如虎
After repeated defeats, the Japanese fear Liu Yongfu as if he were a tiger
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11.劉永福將軍領導軍民聯手,成功保衛台灣
Liu Yongfu protects Tainan after the victory obtained together with the native people
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12.台灣各界歡慶勝利
(Left) Ministers of world countries greet the Emperor
(Right) Commemoration of Taiwan victory
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13.台灣保衛戰宣告勝利
Bulletin about victory in Taiwan
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14.劉將軍保衛台灣,黑旗軍名揚四海
The battalion of General Liu protects Taiwan from the world famous Heiqibin
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五、日本談判
1.李中堂大人受到熱烈歡迎
Li Fuxiang receives greetings
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2.李鴻章與外國使節談判
Foreign countries work with the imperial commissioner Li Fuxiang Li Hongzhang
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六、花絮
1.颯爽英姿娘子軍
Women also joined the army
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2.孫將軍之子為父報仇,痛擊日軍
General Sun Gengtang's son risks his life to save the country at Sandiao Ridge
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3.軍民關係如魚水
General Liu Dajiang's army estabilish friendly relations with the native people
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4.日本人民不願當兵賣命
A soldier is arrested
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5.上海商人收到林將軍的台灣來信,諸事順利
Last month merchants in Shanghai received a letter from Lin Chaodong who is in Taizhong
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6.公審正法倭奸(1)
Arrest and interrogation of Japanese soldiers
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7.公審正法倭奸(2)
Arrest and interrogation of Japanese soldiers
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8.燒死日軍統帥樺山資紀(實為日本海軍軍令部部長 筆者注)
The Japanese general Kabayama has been captured
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七、附件
1.宣傳冊第1卷
Volume 1 of the illustrated book Defeat the Japanese
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2.宣傳冊第2卷
Volume 2 of the illustrated book Defeat the Japanese
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說明
以上圖片均出自甲午戰爭時期晚清媒體的圖片報導,後由英國圖書館收藏。部分圖片散見於網絡,但不全,也缺少英文圖注。筆者特地從英國圖書館下載了這51張圖片並寫明中英文圖注,在此分享給大家,圖片版權歸原作者和英國圖書館所有。
特此說明。