王阳明是如何教学生辨识自己的私心私欲的?

健康是自己主观控制的结果
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很多人以为修行就是打坐冥想,其实洒扫庭除,烧火做饭,行脚出游都是修行。尤其对于入世的儒家来说,修行,也即格物致知的学问是要落在实处实事上的。

王阳明有一个学生,也是他的下属,经常听王阳明讲课。有一次他对老师说:您的课讲的真好,可是我公务繁忙。每天案卷都看不过来,没时间治学啊。王阳明听了很奇怪,就问他:我何时让你离了工作悬空去学了?你既然有官司公务在身,你就在这上学啊!这才是真的格物啊!比如你遇到一件官司,你不可因他应对无状就动怒;你不能因他巧言令色而喜欢他;你不能因为讨厌他而惩处他;你不能因他向你乞求讨好你就迁就他;你也不能因为自己事情多就匆忙结案;你更不能因为别人的诋毁和陷害就顺从别人的意思。因为这些都是你的私心,也只有你自己知道,所以必须时刻仔细省察并克治。这就是所谓的格物致知啊。(见《传习录》)

王阳明就是通过这样联系实际的教育,让学生明白如何辨别私心私欲。因为很多时候学徒们并不知道在何处下功夫才能有所进步,如何格物致知也不甚了了。

在今天,发心修行的人不少,可修个什么很多人却是懵懵懂懂。虽然也知道要克制私心私欲才能修出正果,可如何辨别私心私欲却不是件容易的事。比如很多人都说,茶坛也是个修行场,可怎么在茶坛修行我很少见人谈过。我觉得在茶坛修行也一样需要格物致知,辨别自己的私心私欲。比如,写文章如果是为了泄愤或者为自己做宣传,这就是私心;又比如,写文章就是为了气气别人,或者炫耀自己,这也是私心私欲作怪。还有,一个帖子如果里面充满了贡高我慢,那也是私心作祟。总之,贪嗔痴慢疑要时刻省察,才不至于写作时为私心私欲所控。当然,如果写贴是故意造谣中伤,那就不仅是私心的问题了。一个人写贴分享是否出于善心善意,其实明眼人都看得出来,看不出来的是因为不想看出来而已。

当然,这只是我自己的一点学习心得,并不是说我就做的如何好。愿与发心修行的朋友共勉。

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