G20里约部长级会议：向“全球南方”伸出援手
2024年2月29日 何塞普·博雷尔（Josep Borrell），欧盟外交与安全政策高级代表/欧盟委员会副主席
https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/g20-ministerial-meeting-rio-reaching-out-%E2%80%9Cglobal-south%E2%80%9D_en
HR/VP博客——上周我去巴西里约参加G20外长会议。 G20框架至关重要，因为它将七国集团国家、俄罗斯、中国和所谓“全球南方”的主要国家重新团结起来。 我们讨论了中东冲突和侵略乌克兰战争，以及改革多边体系的迫切需要。
HRVP G20 巴西 - 引自博客
© 欧盟，2024
巴西去年12月担任G20主席国。 这是一系列新兴经济体轮值主席国中的下一届，首先是 2022 年的印度尼西亚、2023 年的印度，然后是 2025 年的南非。现任巴西政府希望表明，在 博尔索纳罗时代并增强“全球南方”的作用。 G20会议始终是国际关系的关键时刻。 G20成员确实占世界GDP的80%以上，他们可以在引导世界摆脱全球对抗方面发挥关键作用。
“G20可以帮助在社会包容、绿色转型和多边治理改革等关键全球问题上取得进展。”
G20是一个有用的交换意见的框架，但并不是真正的决策机构。 尽管如此，巴西成功担任二十国集团主席国尤其重要，它可以表明，尽管存在政治分歧，但该论坛可以帮助在社会包容、绿色转型和多边治理改革等关键全球问题上取得进展。 特别是目前担任金砖国家主席国的俄罗斯正试图利用这个另一个论坛作为其地缘政治叙事之战的替代方案。
里约热内卢二十国集团外长会议也是非洲联盟作为二十国集团常任理事国首次举行此类会议。 这非常重要，因为 25 年后，世界上四分之一的人将生活在非洲。 欧盟一直大力支持非洲联盟加入二十国集团，我热烈欢迎其代表出席里约。
在会议期间，我们讨论了我们在应对当前国际紧张局势和全球治理机构改革方面的集体作用。
应对持续的国际紧张局势
加沙和中东局势是最紧迫的国际问题。 人们普遍认为，加沙平民遭受了悲剧，太多无辜者丧生。 目前 90% 的人口流离失所，这场人为的人道主义灾难必须停止。
我解释说，27个欧盟成员国中有26个敦促以色列政府不要在拉法采取军事行动，并呼吁立即暂停人道主义行动，以实现可持续停火、无条件释放人质以及提供更多、更快的援助。 人道主义援助。
以色列必须遵守国际法和人道主义法。 每个国家都必须。 两个欧盟成员国要求我们评估以色列是否遵守《欧盟-以色列联合协定》中的人权承诺。 我们将在未来几周内完成这项工作。 在国际法院 (ICJ) 做出具有约束力的初步裁决后，这一点尤为重要。
“这一次，整个国际社会似乎准备承诺实施两国解决方案。”
我们会议最引人注目的方面是就两国解决方案达成共识，这是确保持久和平与稳定的唯一途径。 结束加沙的人道主义悲剧是当务之急，但随后两国解决方案必须最终得到迅速实施。 这一次，整个国际社会似乎已准备好致力于实现这一结果。 在没有任何最终公报的情况下，我要求巴西外长在他的新闻发布会上反映这一共识，以及他所做的事情。
在俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫出席的情况下，这次会议还提供了在全面入侵乌克兰两周年之际就俄罗斯侵略战争及其后果发出强烈信息的可能性。
我与七国集团其他部长一起坚定地重申了我们对俄罗斯侵略及其破坏稳定后果的立场，不仅对欧洲而且对整个世界。 我们强调，这明显违反了《联合国宪章》主权和领土完整的核心原则，及其对全世界粮食和能源安全的重大负面影响。 我们还呼吁对艾尔的缓慢谋杀
谢·纳瓦尔尼 (Xei Navalny) 被俄罗斯政权统治。
战争重返欧洲还影响了全球抗击饥饿和贫困、减轻低收入国家债务负担以及应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失的努力。 俄罗斯的侵略确实迫使我们重新分配原本用于可持续发展的财政资源，以加强国防和增加军事生产。
“俄罗斯在这次 G20 会议上被孤立的程度给我留下了深刻的印象”。
不出所料，俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫重复了他一贯的说法，充满了谎言和歪曲事实。 我想知道谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫是否也相信他们。 显然，世界其他地区并非如此，因为几乎所有全球南方国家的代表都重申了对《联合国宪章》关于领土完整和不使用武力的核心原则的支持。 俄罗斯在这种情况下被孤立的程度给我留下了深刻的印象。
致力于全球治理改革
全球治理改革问题可能不会成为头条新闻，但也是一个紧迫问题。 多极化已经成为现实，但本应支撑和治理多极化的多边主义却陷入了深刻的危机。 它的改革正是我们在多边体系中构建多极化（它得以保留）所需要的。 当游戏中有更多玩家时，如果您想让游戏正常运行，就需要更好的规则。 如果没有这些规则，熵就会增加，系统会变得更加无序，这是我们目前正在目睹的情况。
“多边机构必须反映当今世界，而不是 1945 年的世界。”
我们的会议期间达成了广泛共识，即多边机构必须反映当今世界，而不是 1945 年的世界。我们需要一个适合今天和未来的联合国。 然而，就具体解决方案达成共识仍然是一项重大挑战。 答案不应该是急于建立新机构。 这将是昂贵、漫长且复杂的。 最现实的工作方式是改进我们已有的机构。
在里约，人们普遍认为需要改革联合国安理会，以更好地代表世界所有地区，特别是非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区。 联合国安理会也经常因为越来越多的否决权而受到阻碍。 显然需要改变联合国安理会的决策规则。
我们还需要改革国际金融机构，将其火力从数十亿扩大到数万亿，并改变其治理结构，以更好地支持实现可持续发展目标和应对气候变化。 还迫切需要在2024年底前恢复WTO（世界贸易组织）的功能并实现全面且运转良好的争端解决体系。这是欧盟的首要任务之一。
明年9月在纽约举行的联合国未来峰会将是推进多边体系改革进程的重要契机。 但要想成功，我们现在就需要积极准备。
G20 ministerial meeting in Rio: reaching out to the “Global South”
Commissionhttps://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/g20-ministerial-meeting-rio-reaching-out-%E2%80%9Cglobal-south%E2%80%9D_en
HR/VP Blog - Last week I went to Rio in Brazil to attend the G20 Foreign Ministers meeting. The G20 framework is a critical one because it reunites the G7 countries, Russia, China and the main countries of the so-called “Global South”. We discussed the conflict in the Middle East and the war of aggression against Ukraine, as well as the urgent need for reforming the multilateral system.
© EUROPEAN UNION, 2024
Brazil took the Presidency of the G20 last December. It is the next of a series of emerging economy Presidencies, starting with Indonesia in 2022, India in 2023, and to be followed by South Africa in 2025. The current Brazilian government wants to show that “Brazil is back” on the multilateral scene after the Bolsonaro era and enhance the role of the “Global South”. G20 meetings are always a critical moment in international relations. G20 members represent indeed more than 80% of the world’s GDP and they can play a crucial role in steering the world away from a global confrontation.
“The G20 can help make progress on critical global issues such as social inclusion, the green transition and the reform of the multilateral governance.”
The G20 is a useful framework to exchange views, but not really a decision-making body. Nevertheless, a successful Brazilian G20 Presidency would be particularly important to show that, despite political differences, this forum can help make progress on critical global issues such as social inclusion, the green transition and the reform of the multilateral governance. In particular at a moment when Russia, which is currently chairing the BRICS, is trying to instrumentalise this other forum as an alternative in its geopolitical battle of narratives.
The G20 Foreign Ministers meeting in Rio de Janeiro was also the first such meeting with the African Union as a permanent G20 member. This matters greatly, because in 25 years from now, one out of four people in the world will be living in Africa. The EU has been a strong advocate of the African Union’s membership in the G20, and I warmly welcomed the presence of its representatives in Rio.
During our meeting we discussed our collective role in dealing with the ongoing international tensions and the reform of global governance institutions.
Dealing with the ongoing international tensions
The situation in Gaza and in the Middle East was the most pressing international issue. There was widespread consensus on the tragedy suffered by the civilian population and that far too many innocent lives have been lost in Gaza. With 90% of the population now displaced, this man-made humanitarian catastrophe must stop.
I explained that 26 out of 27 EU member states have urged the Israeli government not to take military action in Rafah and called for an immediate humanitarian pause that would lead to a sustainable ceasefire, the unconditional release of hostages, and the provision of more and quicker humanitarian assistance.
Israel has to abide by international law and humanitarian law. Every country must. Two EU Member States have asked us to assess if Israel respects its human rights commitments under our EU-Israel Association Agreement. We will do this work in the coming weeks. It is particularly important following the binding preliminary International Court of Justice (ICJ) decision.
“This time, it appears that the entire international community is ready to commit itself to implement of the two-state solution.”
The most notable aspect of our meeting was the consensus on the two-state solution as the only way to ensure lasting peace and stability. Ending the humanitarian tragedy in Gaza is a matter of urgency, but immediately afterwards, the two-state solution must finally be swiftly implemented. This time, it appears that the entire international community is ready to commit itself to achieving this result. In the absence of any final communique, I asked the Brazilian FM to reflect that consensus in his press conference, what he did.
With Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov present, the meeting also offered the possibility to send a strong message on the Russian war of aggression and its consequences at the time of the second anniversary of the full scale invasion of Ukraine.
With other G7 ministers, I firmly reiterated our stance regarding the Russian aggression and its destabilising consequences, not only for Europe but for the whole world. We highlighted the clear breach of the core principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the UN charter and its major negative consequences on food and energy security worldwide. We also called out the slow murder of Alexei Navalny by the Russian regime.
The return of war to Europe also impacts the global efforts to fight hunger and poverty, alleviate the debt burden of low income countries, and fight climate change and loss of biodiversity. The Russian aggression compels us indeed to reallocate financial resources that were meant to be spent on sustainable development to strengthen defence and increase military production.
“I was impressed how much Russia was isolated in this G20 meeting”.
As expected, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov repeated his usual narrative, full of lies and misrepresentations. I wonder whether even Sergey Lavrov believes them. Obviously, not the rest of the world as nearly all representatives of Global South countries reiterated their support to the core principles of UN charter with territorial integrity and non-use of force. I was impressed how much Russia was isolated in that context.
Working towards global governance reform
The issue of global governance reform may not dominate headlines, but it is also a pressing one. Multipolarity is already a reality, but multilateralism – which should underpin and govern it – is in a deep crisis. Its reform is precisely what we need to frame that multipolarity (it came to stay) in the multilateral system. When you have more players in the game, you need better rules if you want the game to work. Without these rules, entropy increases and the system becomes more disordered, a situation we are currently witnessing.
“Multilateral institutions must reflect the world of today, not that of 1945.”
During our meeting, there was widespread consensus that multilateral institutions must reflect the world of today, not that of 1945. We need a United Nations fit for today and for the future. However, reaching consensus on the specific solutions remains a significant challenge. The answer should not be to rush into creating new institutions. That would be costly, lengthy and complicated. The most realistic way of working is to improve the institutions we already have.
In Rio, there was widespread agreement on the need to reform the United Nations Security Council to better represent all regions of the world, and notably Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. Too often the UN Security Council is also blocked due to more and more vetoes. Clearly there is a need to change the rules for UNSC decision making.
We also need to reform the International Financial institutions, scaling up their firepower from billions to trillions and changing their governance structures to better support achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the fight against climate change. It is also urgent to restore the functionality of the WTO (World Trade Organization) and achieve a fully and well-functioning dispute settlement system by the end of 2024. This is one of the EU’s top priorities.
The UN Summit of the Future in New York next September will be an important opportunity to advance the reform process of the multilateral system. But to succeed, we need to prepare actively for it now.
