尚达曼
https://www.facebook.com/TharmanShanmugaratnam/
I have times reviewed this video; the radical difference of two speakers revealed the root reason that why Lee Kuan Yew was able to develop Singapore as humanized country; while the democracy can go popular in West and has been ruining the player country and human world,
An investigative interview: Singapore 50 years after independence - 45th St. Gallen Symposium
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpwPciW74b8&t=1882s&ab_channel=StGallenSymposium
来自维基百科
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharman_Shamugaratnam
尚达曼（Tharman Shanmugaratnam，1957年2月25日出生），新加坡政治家和经济学家，自 2023 年起担任新加坡第九任总统。
在担任总统之前，尚达曼于 2019 年至 2023 年期间担任新加坡高级部长，于2015年至 2023 年期间担任社会政策统筹部长，并于 2011 年至 2023 年期间担任新加坡金融管理局主席。
尚达曼是一位经济学家，其职责主要与经济和社会政策相关。 他还同时领导多个国际理事会和小组。 尚达曼担任三十国集团董事会主席，该集团是一个由来自公共和私营部门以及学术界的经济和金融领导人组成的全球委员会。 他还与 Ngozi Owonjo-Iweala、Mariana Mazzucato 和 Johan Rockström 共同担任全球水经济委员会的联合主席。 其初步建议帮助形成了 2023 年 3 月联合国水会议的成果。自 2021 年以来，尚达曼还担任 G20 流行病防范和应对全球融资高级别独立小组的联合主席。2017 年，尚达曼被任命为 G20 全球金融治理知名人士小组。
他曾是执政党人民行动党（PAP）的成员，并于2001年至2023年期间担任代表裕廊集选区的裕廊分区的国会议员。他还于2011年至2019年期间担任副总理、财政部长 2007年至2015年担任教育部长，2003年至2008年担任教育部长。
尚达曼在2001年大选中首次亮相，并在随后的2006年、2011年、2015年和2020年大选中四次当选国会议员。2023年6月8日，尚达曼宣布有意竞选2023年总统选举 由于总统职位是无党派职位，他计划于 2023 年 7 月 7 日辞去在政府中的所有职务以及人民行动党成员的职务。 2023年9月2日，尚达曼以70.41%的压倒性优势获得70.41%的选票，当选为新加坡第九任总统。 他是第一位在新加坡有争议的总统选举中获胜的非华裔总统候选人。
早年生活和教育
尚达曼 1957 年出生于英国殖民统治期间的新加坡一个锡兰泰米尔裔家庭，并在印度教信仰中长大。[4] 尚达曼年轻时就读于英华学校 (ACS)[5]，随后毕业于伦敦经济学院 (LSE)，获得经济学理学学士学位。 （伦敦经济学院后来于 2011 年授予他荣誉院士称号）。
随后，他继续前往剑桥大学沃尔夫森学院学习，并在那里获得了经济学哲学硕士学位。 [7] 随后，他成为哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的学生，在那里完成了公共管理 (MPA) 硕士学位，并获得了 Lucius N. Littauer 研究员奖（授予表现出卓越学术成就和领导力的 MPA 学生） 。
尚达曼 20 世纪 70 年代在英国留学时是一名学生活动家。[8] 他最初持有社会主义信仰，但他对经济学的看法在他的工作生涯中不断演变。
Tharman Shanmugaratnam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam
From Wikipedia
Tharman Shanmugaratnam[a] (born 25 February 1957), also known mononymously as Tharman, is a Singaporean politician and economist who has been serving as the ninth president of Singapore since 2023.
Prior to his presidency, Tharman served as Senior Minister of Singapore between 2019 and 2023, Coordinating Minister for Social Policies between 2015 and 2023, and Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 2011 and 2023.[1]
Tharman is an economist in roles principally related to economic and social policies. He has also led various international councils and panels simultaneously. Tharman chairs the Board of Trustees of the Group of Thirty, a global council of economic and financial leaders from the public and private sectors and academia. He also co-chairs the Global Commission on the Economics of Water with Ngozi Owonjo-Iweala, Mariana Mazzucato and Johan Rockström. Its initial recommendations helped shape the outcomes of the UN Water Conference in March 2023. Tharman has also been co-chair of the G20 High Level Independent Panel on Global Financing for Pandemic Preparedness and Response since 2021. In 2017, Tharman was appointed to chair the G20 Eminent Persons Group on Global Financial Governance.
A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Taman Jurong division of Jurong GRC between 2001 and 2023. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister between 2011 and 2019, Minister for Finance between 2007 and 2015, Minister for Education between 2003 and 2008.
Tharman made his political debut in the 2001 general election, and has been re-elected to Parliament four times at subsequent general elections in 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2020. On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced his intention to run for the 2023 presidential election and his scheduled resignation on 7 July 2023 from all his positions in the government and as a member of the PAP, as the presidency is a non-partisan office.[2] On 2 September 2023, Tharman was announced as the winner after receiving 70.41% of the vote in a landslide victory and was elected as the ninth president of Singapore. He is the first presidential candidate not of Chinese descent to win in a contested presidential election in Singapore.[3]
Early life and education
Tharman was born in Singapore during British colonial rule in 1957 to a family of Ceylonese Tamil origin and was raised in the Hindu faith.[4] In his youth, Tharman attended the Anglo-Chinese School (ACS)[5] before graduating from the London School of Economics (LSE) with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics. (LSE later awarded him an Honorary Fellowship in 2011).[6]
He subsequently went on to Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, where he completed a Master of Philosophy degree in economics.[7] He then became a student at the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, where he completed a Master in Public Administration (MPA) degree and was a recipient of the Lucius N. Littauer Fellows Award (given to MPA students who demonstrate academic excellence and leadership).
Tharman was a student activist while studying in the United Kingdom during the 1970s.[8] He originally held socialist beliefs, but his views on economics evolved over the course of his working career.[8]
