波音公司的首位工程师来自中国。如今，该公司主要从印度招聘人才。
https://defence.pk/threads/boeings-first-engineer-came-from-china-now-it-hires-mostly-from-india.780571/
Nan Yang 2024年8月2日
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在美国公司普遍疏远中国人才的背景下，波音公司在印度的工程师职位空缺数量超过了在中国。波音公司的首位工程师来自中国。如今，波音公司主要从印度招聘人才。随着美国减少对中国人才的依赖，美国航空航天巨头波音公司在印度招聘的工程师数量远超中国。
维多利亚·贝拉 维多利亚·贝拉 2024年8月1日 晚上11:00
由于地缘政治方面的担忧，美国正寻求减少对中国人才的依赖，波音公司在印度招聘的工程师数量几乎是在中国招聘的20倍。
截至周三，波音公司在中国的招聘网站上有5个职位空缺，其中3个是工程类职位。
与此同时，印度有83个职位空缺，其中58个是工程类职位，这意味着印度的工程类职位空缺数量是中国的19倍。这一缺口在同一地区至少持续了几周。
波音公司正深陷数十年来最大的安全和管理危机之一，据该公司称，其在中国拥有约2200名员工，在印度拥有6000多名员工。印度的商用飞机机队规模约为中国的六分之一。
随着印度成为寻求实现制造业从中国向多元化发展的美国企业中心，许多美国顶级公司都将目光投向了印度。
最近，一位美国高级官员表示，美国应该在STEM专业招收更多印度学生，而不是中国学生，这也表明美国不仅希望在印度建设新工厂，也希望从印度引进科研人才。
然而，中国的工程专业知识正是波音公司与欧洲空客公司共同实现全球飞机制造业双头垄断的原因之一。
1916年，波音公司聘请了出生于北京的黄祖（Wong Tsu）担任公司首位航空工程师，当时他刚从麻省理工学院（MIT）毕业。
黄先生在设计波音公司首款经济实惠的飞机——C型海军训练水上飞机——中发挥了至关重要的作用。这为波音公司大约十年后制造其首架专用客机奠定了基础。
自20世纪70年代以来，这家美国航空巨头也与中国保持着密切的联系，在中国设立了多家合资企业，包括工程、维护和研究中心，以及一个737完成和交付中心。
但在回答《南华早报》关于未来是否会在中国增加技术岗位的问题时，波音中国公司的一位通讯代表表示，他们没有透露公司未来在中国或其他地区的招聘计划。
在2018年印度尼西亚和2019年埃塞俄比亚发生致命坠机事故后，波音737 Max飞机停飞，波音品牌也随之衰落，这对波音公司来说是一个动荡的时期。本月，在对安全问题进行改进后，波音公司恢复了向中国交付737 Max飞机。
但这可能为时已晚。尽管制造商已获得当局批准，但中国商用飞机有限责任公司（Comac）试图从波音和空客手中抢占市场份额，中国如今已启动了自主研发的客机——C919。
未来二十年，中国正加速成为全球最大的航空市场。波音公司于7月发布的《2024年民用飞机市场展望》预测，到2043年，中国将需要交付8830架飞机。
然而，随着飞机安全问题持续存在，以及中美之间的政治和贸易紧张局势，波音公司可能正转向其他地区来提升其工程和设计能力。
印度一直在吸引美国公司，希望摆脱对中国作为技术和制造基地的依赖。现在，印度正在向这家航空公司输送自己的人才。
今年1月，波音公司在班加罗尔开设了其在美国以外最大的工厂，向波音印度工程技术中心（BIETC）投资约2亿美元。
印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪在该中心的落成典礼上表示：“鉴于印度拥有如此巨大的潜力，我们需要迅速在该国构建一个飞机制造生态系统。”
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中国商飞正忙于打造自己的客机，包括今年早些时候在新加坡航展上展出的这架C929飞机模型。图片：法新社
与此同时，波音印度公司总裁萨利尔·古普塔去年告诉《福布斯印度》：“印度市场是一个独一无二的机遇，不仅因为它有机会服务民航和国防客户，还因为它拥有在全球范围内支持航空航天的能力——无论是在工程还是制造方面。”
大多数
印度目前提供的工作岗位主要集中在班加罗尔。
受印度日益增长的民航市场的推动，南亚地区到2043年将需要交付2835架飞机，这将使其现有机队规模翻两番。印度目前是全球第三大国内航空市场，仅次于美国和中国。
新加坡国立大学南亚研究所高级研究员阿米滕杜·帕利特表示，波音公司加大在印度业务的投入，首先是印度快速扩张的航空市场和对飞机的需求。
其次是推行“中国+1”战略，旨在实现业务多元化，摆脱对中国的依赖。
“印度和美国正在国防和科技领域以及包括航空航天在内的许多其他领域开展广泛合作。（波音）在印度发挥更大作用与这种合作理念相符，”帕利特说道，并指出空客也在扩大其在印度的业务。
“鉴于印度国内需求旺盛、其作为印太地区航空服务枢纽的逐步发展，以及除中国以外，印度作为第三国出口的便利地理位置，印度有望成为航空航天制造中心。”
波音中国总裁刘庆今年5月接受深圳卫视采访时表示，波音将中国视为首要市场重点，并指出中国未来20年对飞机的需求将不断增长。
但波音中国代表并未就满足中国未来飞机需求是否需要扩大公司在华员工规模和业务布局发表评论。
波音公司于20世纪70年代初进入中国航空市场，当时美国总统理查德·尼克松访问了中国。
全球超过1万架波音飞机的零部件和组件均在中国制造，波音公司甚至与中国商飞合资在浙江舟山建造了737完工和交付中心。
尽管中国对飞机的需求不断增长，但其国产飞机制造仍处于起步阶段，中国甚至选择空客而非波音为其新机队提供飞机，从而挤占了波音的市场份额。
这家陷入困境的美国飞机制造商仍在努力从近年来声誉受损的阴影中恢复过来。
除了狮航和埃塞俄比亚航空坠机事故外，一系列事故也持续引发了人们对波音飞机安全性的质疑。这些事故包括一架飞机的轮子脱落，以及一架737 Max飞机的一块面板在空中被吹落，导致机舱出现一个大洞。
在两起坠机事故导致737 Max飞机全球停飞后，其软件问题也暴露无遗。
彭博社2019年的一篇报道称，为了削减成本，波音公司已将Max软件的编码外包给临时工，尤其是来自印度的临时工。
一位前波音公司软件工程师告诉彭博社，该公司聘请了来自印度公司的应届毕业生从事编程工作，这些毕业生帮助开发和测试了飞行显示器和飞行测试设备的软件。
波音公司对此回应称，聘请的印度工程师并未参与开发与致命的737 Max坠机事故相关的系统软件。
根据波音公司的展望，尽管中国国内客流量目前位居全球第三，仅次于北美和欧洲，但预计到2043年将跃居榜首。
南亚地区目前拥有全球增长最快的民航市场，预计到2043年，南亚地区的客流量也将从目前的第14位上升至第7位。
Boeing's first engineer came from China. Now it hires mostly from India
https://defence.pk/threads/boeings-first-engineer-came-from-china-now-it-hires-mostly-from-india.780571/
Nan Yang
Boeing has more job openings for engineers in India than in China amid a general distancing of US firms from Chinese talent. Photo: Reuters
ChinaScience
Boeing’s first engineer came from China. Now it hires mostly from India?
- US aerospace giant Boeing is hiring significantly more engineers in India than China, as the US reduces its dependence on Chinese talent
Victoria BelaPublished: 11:00pm, 1 Aug 2024
Boeing is hiring nearly 20 times more engineers in India than in China, as the United States seeks to lessen its dependence on Chinese talent amid geopolitical concerns.
As of Wednesday, five jobs were available in China on the Boeing Careers site, three of which were for engineering roles.
Meanwhile, India had 83 job openings, with 58 for engineering roles – equating to 19 times more available engineering roles in India than in China. That gap has remained in the same region for at least a couple of weeks.
According to Boeing, which is struggling through one of its biggest safety and management crises for decades, it has around 2,200 employees in China, and more than 6,000 in India, where the size of the country’s total commercial aviation fleet is about a sixth of China’s.
Many top US companies have India in their sights, as the nation becomes a growing hub for American companies looking to diversify their manufacturing base away from China.
Recent comments from a senior US official about recruiting more Indian students over Chinese students for STEM majors also indicate the country is not only looking to India to build its new factories, but for its scientific talent as well.
Yet China’s engineering expertise is part of what helped Boeing achieve a duopoly – along with Europe’s Airbus – over global aircraft manufacturing.
In 1916, Boeing hired Beijing-born Wong Tsu as the company’s first aeronautical engineer, following his graduation from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Wong played a crucial role in designing the company’s first financially successful plane – the Model C naval training seaplane. This paved the way for Boeing to build its first dedicated passenger plane around a decade later.
Since the 1970s, the US aerospace giant has also had close ties with China, opening multiple joint ventures in China including engineering, maintenance and research centres, as well as a 737 completion and delivery centre.
But in response to a query from the Post about whether more technical roles could be expected in China in the future, a communications representative for Boeing China said they did not disclose the company’s future hiring plans in China or elsewhere.
It has been a turbulent time for the company, after deadly crashes in Indonesia in 2018 and Ethiopia in 2019 saw Boeing’s 737 Max aircraft grounded and the Boeing brand crumble.
This month, the company resumed delivery of the 737 Max to China after changes were made to fix the safety issues.
But it may be too late. Despite the manufacturer receiving a green light from authorities, China has now fired up its own home-grown passenger jet – the C919 – as the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (Comac) attempts to grab market share away from Boeing and Airbus.
Over the next two decades, China is gearing up to become the world’s largest aviation market, with the 2024 Boeing Commercial Market Outlook released in July projecting the country will require 8,830 aircraft deliveries by 2043.
But along with continuous safety concerns over their aircraft, and political and trade tensions between the US and China – Boeing may be turning elsewhere to grow its engineering and design capabilities.
India has been courting US companies hoping to break away from their reliance on China as a technology and manufacturing base. Now it is lending its own talent to the aviation firm.
In January, Boeing opened its largest facility outside the US in Bengaluru, investing around US$200 million into the Boeing India Engineering and Technology Centre (BIETC).
At the centre’s inauguration, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said: “Given that there is so much potential in India, we need to rapidly build an aircraft manufacturing ecosystem in the country.”
China's Comac is busy creating its own passenger jets, including this model of the C929 displayed at the Singapore Airshow earlier this year. Photo: AFP
Meanwhile, Salil Gupta, president of Boeing India, told Forbes India last year: “The Indian market is an opportunity like no other, not just because of the opportunity to serve civil aviation and defence customers, but also because of the capability to support aerospace globally – both in engineering and manufacturing.”
Most Boeing jobs available in India are located in Bengaluru.
South Asia, driven by India’s growing civil aviation market, will require the delivery of 2,835 aircraft by 2043, which will quadruple its existing fleet. India is now the third-largest domestic airline market in the world, behind the US and China.
Amitendu Palit, a senior research fellow at the National University of Singapore’s Institute of South Asian Studies, said the first reason for Boeing’s greater presence in India was its rapidly expanding aviation market and demand for aircraft.
The second was the pursuit of “China plus one”, a strategy that aims to diversify business away from China.
“India and the US are collaborating extensively on defence and technology, along with many other areas, including aerospace. [Boeing’s] greater role in India matches this idea of collaboration,” Palit said, pointing out that Airbus was also expanding its presence in India.
“India is expected to emerge as a hub in aerospace manufacturing given its domestic demand, gradual growth as an aviation service hub for the Indo-Pacific, and a convenient location, other than China, for third-country exports.”
In an interview with Shenzhen TV in May, Boeing China president Liu Qing said that Boeing regarded China as a top market priority, citing the country’s rising need for aircraft over the next two decades.
But the Boeing China representative did not comment on whether meeting future aircraft demand in the country would involve expanding the company’s employee base and presence within China.
Boeing was introduced to the Chinese aviation market in the early 1970s, following a visit by then-US president Richard Nixon.
More than 10,000 Boeing planes around the world have had parts and assemblies that were built in China, with the company even forming joint ventures with Comac to build the 737 Completion and Delivery Centre in Zhoushan, Zhejiang province.
As China’s domestic aircraft manufacturing is still in its early stages despite the growing demand for planes, China has even turned to Airbus over Boeing to supply its new fleet, edging Boeing out of its market share.
The embattled US aircraft manufacturer is still trying to recover from the damage its name has suffered in recent years.
On top of the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines crashes, a string of incidents have continued to call into question the safety of Boeing planes. These incidents include wheels falling off one plane and a panel blowing off mid-air on a 737 Max aircraft, leaving a gaping hole in the cabin.
After the two crashes saw the 737 Max aircraft grounded worldwide, issues were revealed in its software.
A report from Bloomberg in 2019 stated that the company had outsourced coding for Max software to temporary workers to cut costs – particularly from India.
A former Boeing software engineer told Bloomberg that the company had hired recent college graduates from Indian companies to work on coding, who helped develop and test software for flight displays and flight-testing equipment.
In response, Boeing said that the Indian engineers hired did not work on software for systems that had been linked to the fatal 737 Max crashes.
While China’s domestic passenger flow currently ranks third in the world under North America and Europe, it is projected to take the top spot by 2043, according to the Boeing outlook.
Passenger flow in South Asia is also expected to rise from its current 14th place to seventh place in 2043, as the region now has the fastest growing civil aviation market in the world.
