Atrocities against Indians (中文节译)

The British:
英国人：

The British occupied areas from Virginia northward. Hans Koning wrote:

"From the beginning, the Spaniards saw the native Americans as natural slaves, beasts of burden, part of the loot. When working them to death was more economical than treating them somewhat humanely, they worked them to death. The English, on the other hand, had no use for the native peoples. They saw them as devil worshippers, savages who were beyond salvation by the church, and exterminating them increasingly became accepted policy." 5

英国人占据Virginia以北的地区，Hans Koning写道：“从一开始，西班牙人把印第安人看作天然的奴隶，负重的牲畜，站利品的一部分。当把他们劳累至死要比人道的对待他们更经济时，就把他们累死。对英国人，另一方面，印第安人没有什么用处。他们把他们看作魔鬼崇拜者，教堂救赎之外的野人，并且，灭绝他们越来越成为可接受的政策。”


David E. Stannard wrote:

"Hundreds of Indians were killed in skirmish after skirmish. Other hundreds were killed in successful plots of mass poisoning. They were hunted down by dogs, 'blood-Hounds to draw after them, and Mastives [mastiffs] to seize them.' Their canoes and fishing weirs were smashed, their villages and agricultural fields burned to the ground. Indian peace offers were accepted by the English only until their prisoners were returned; then, having lulled the natives into false security, the colonists returned to the attack. It was the colonists' expressed desire that the Indians be exterminated, rooted 'out from being longer a people upon the face of the earth.' In a single raid the settlers destroyed corn sufficient to feed four thousand people for a year. Starvation and the massacre of non-combatants was becoming the preferred British approach to dealing with the natives." 4

David E. Stannard写道：“成百的印第安人在无数小规模战斗中被杀死。别的成百的被成功的大规模毒死。他们被狗追猎'猎犬追踪他们，然后Mastives（一种强壮的狗）捉住他们'。他们的独木舟和渔具被捣毁，他们的村庄和庄稼地被焚为灰烬。印第安人的和平协议被英国人接受，只是为了换取被俘虏的自己人；然后，当印第安人被安全的假象蒙蔽时，殖民者返回来攻击。把他们灭绝让他们从地球表面消失是殖民者明确的愿望。在一次袭击中，殖民者摧毁了能喂养四千人一年的玉米。饥饿和屠杀平民成为英国人对付印第安人的首选手段“


The Americans:
美国人：

In the early 18th century, the states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey promoted a genocide of their local Natives by imposing a "scalp bounty" on dead Indians. "In 1703, Massachusetts paid 12 pounds for an Indian scalp. By 1723 the price had soared to 100 pounds." 10 Ward Churchill wrote: "Indeed, in many areas it [murdering Indians] became an outright business." 6 This practice of paying a bounty for Indian scalps continued into the 19th century before the public put an end to the practice. 10

在18世纪早期，Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey州通过奖励猎取印第安人头皮来促进种族灭绝。”1703年，一块印第安人头皮Massachusetts奖励12镑。到1723年，价格涨到100镑。“Ward Churchill wrote：”确实，在很多地区，谋杀印第安人成为一宗正经生意。”这一奖励猎取印第安人头皮的政策一直延续到19世纪才终止。

In the 18th century, George Washington compared them to wolves, "beasts of prey" and called for their total destruction. 4 In 1814, Andrew Jackson "supervised the mutilation of 800 or more Creek Indian corpses" that his troops had killed. 6

Extermination of all of the surviving natives was urged by the Governor of California officially in 1851. 4 An editorial from the Rocky Mountain News in Denver, CO in 1863; and from the Santa Fe New Mexican in 1863 expressed the same sentiment. 6 In 1867, General William Tecumseh Sherman said, "We must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux [Lakotas] even to their extermination: men, women and children." 6

In 1848, before the gold rush in California, that state's native population is estimated to have been 150,000. In 1870, after the gold rush, only about 31,000 were still alive. "Over 60 percent of these indigenous people died from disease introduced by hundreds of thousands of so-called 49ers. However, local tribes were also systematically chased off their lands, marched to missions and reservations, enslaved and brutally massacred." 12 The price paid for a native scalp had dropped as low as $0.25. Native historian, Jack Forbes, wrote:

"The bulk of California's Indians were conquered, and died, in innumerable little episodes rather than in large campaigns. it serves to indict not a group of cruel leaders, or a few squads of rough soldiers, but in effect, an entire people; for ...the conquest of the Native Californian was above all else a popular, mass, enterprise." 11