英语高级听力 04 课 （译文及图片）

Lesson Four

 Section One: News in Brief

1. Another American has been kidnapped in West Beirut. Fifty-three-year-old Frank Reed was abducted by four gunmen this morning. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility, accusing Reed of being a spy. The pro-Iranian group already holds at least three other Americans and three Frenchmen. Reed is the Director of the Lebanese International School. He is a native of Malden, Massachusetts and has lived in Lebanon for eight years.

2. A federal jury in Brooklyn, New York today indicted a Soviet UN employee on charges of spying. Gennadi Zakharov is being held without bond, pending trial on the charges. John Kailish has more from New York. "The thirty-nine-year-old Soviet physicist worked at the UN Center for Science and Technology until August 23rd when he was arrested on a Queens Subway platform for allegedly buying military secrets from a college student. It turned out that the student worked for the FBI and was known by the code name 'Berg.' According to today's indictment, Zakharov agreed to pay Berg for information involving the national defense of the United States. Berg, in turn, agreed to work for the Soviet Union for a period of ten years. The two met a total of four times, from April 1983 to August of 1986. At their final meeting, Zakharov allegedly gave Berg a thousand dollars. Zakharov is currently being held in a federal jail in Manhattan. He faces life in prison if convicted on the espionage charges.'

3. The foreign editor of a news magazine recently banned in Chile has been found shot dead near a cemetery in Santiago. The family of Jose Carrasco says he was taken from his home by armed men who claimed to be police. Carrasco's magazine, Analisis, has been banned under the new state of siege imposed in Chile after an attempt this weekend to assassinate President Augusto Pinochet. Since the attempt, police have been rounding up opposition leaders although the deny the arrested Carrasco.

第一节 简明新闻

1. 另一位美国人在西贝鲁特已遭绑架。他是五十三岁的弗兰克瑞德，今天上午被4名枪手绑架。伊斯兰圣战组织宣称对此行为负责，并指责瑞德是间谍。亲伊朗的集团已经扣有另外3名美国人和3个法国人。里德是黎巴嫩国际学院院长。他是马萨诸塞州马尔登的居民，在黎巴嫩已经生活了8年。

2. 联邦陪审团今天在纽约布鲁克林决定对一名苏联的联合国雇员提出间谍罪指控。根纳季扎哈罗夫被关押不得保释，等待聆讯。约翰凯里施从纽约带来更多消息说：“39岁的苏联物理学家在联合国的科学和技术中心工作，直到8月23日他在皇后区地铁站台因涉嫌从一个大学生那里购买军事机密而被捕。原来那学生是为联邦调查局工作的，代号“伯格”。据今天发布的起诉书称，扎哈罗夫同意付给“伯格”钱购买有关美国国防情报。“伯格”同意为苏联工作已为期10年。从1983年4月至1986年8月双方共会见4次。在他们的最后一次会面，扎哈罗夫涉嫌给了“伯格”1000美元。扎哈罗夫目前被关押在曼哈顿的联邦监狱。如果间谍罪名成立他可能被判终身监禁。

3. 最近被智利查禁的新闻杂志的一名外国编辑被发现在圣地亚哥附近的一个墓地里被枪杀。何塞卡拉斯科的家人说，他被自称是警察的武装人员从家中带走的。本周末发生了企图暗杀总统奥古斯托皮诺切特的事件，智利实行新的戒严令后，卡拉斯科的杂志《Analisis》亦被查禁。针对未遂刺杀事件，警方正在围捕反对派领导人，但他们否认逮捕过卡拉斯科。

1986年10月在贝鲁特被绑架的弗兰克瑞德（回头挥手者）于44个月之后的1990年5月获释

前苏联物理学家根纳季扎哈罗夫

 

Section Two: News in Detail

 In Chile, the military government held a rally today- in support of President Augusto Pinochet, who escaped an assassination attempt two days ago. A crackdown on opponents of his government continued in response to that attack. A journalist for an opposition magazine was found dead. His family and colleagues charge he had been kidnapped yesterday by police. Tim Fosca reports now from Santiago.

Several thousand people gathered in front of La Moneda, the presidential palace, for a rally in support of General Augusto Pinochet this afternoon. Heavily armed soldiers were stationed along major downtown streets for the demonstration, which is celebrating the thirteenth anniversary this week of the military takeover. Hundreds of members of women's charity groups passed in review before General Pinochet and his wife Lucia. The head of state appeared physically unaffected by his close call Sunday when he narrowly escaped assassination. Hours before the rally, Jose Carrasco, a thirty-eight-year-old editor at the opposition magazine Analisis was found dead in a Santiago cemetery. He had been shot ten times. Carrasco's wife said he was roused from bed early Monday morning by men claiming to be police. But authorities officially denied his arrest. Carrasco, a member of MIR, the revolutionary left movement, had been back in Chile only two years after eight years in exile.

The bodies of at least two more murdered victims were also found today, but their identities have not yet been established. Arrests continued in the second day of the state of siege. More leftist political figures were rounded up, bringing the total number of detentions to twenty. The government has issued arrest orders for a number of others, some of whom are in hiding. On the list is at least one member of the Chilean Human Rights Commission. A spokesman said the homes of Commission members in the provincial city of San Fernando were also raided, but no members were at home. All opposition magazines were ordered closed yesterday, including the Christian democratic weekly, Hoy. Under the last state of siege in 1984 and 85, Hoy was allowed to continue publishing. The situation of five foreign priests and one local lay worker detained yesterday remains unresolved. The clergymen were accused of attacking police officers and carrying instructions on how to make home-made bombs. General Pinochet warned yesterday that human rights advocates would have to be expelled. For National Public Radio, this is Tim Fosca in Santiago.

第二节 详细新闻 智利反对派记者被杀害

在智利，军政府今天举行集会，支持两天前躲过一次刺杀企图的总统奥古斯托皮诺切特。他的政府正持续进行着针对反对派的镇压行动已示对这一袭击的报复。一名反对派杂志的记者被发现遇害。他的家人和同事的指出，他是在昨天被警察绑架的。蒂姆福斯卡正在的圣地亚哥报道。

数千人今天下午聚集在拉莫内达总统府前集会支持皮诺切特将军。全副武装的士兵把守在市中心游行队伍通过的主要街道上，庆祝军事管制在本周整整13周年。数百名通过审查的妇女慈善团体的成员，从皮诺切特将军和他的妻子圣卢西亚面前经过。国家元首表现出身体没有受到影响，他身边的人称在星期天他在千钧一发中逃过一次暗杀。在集会之前几小时，何塞卡拉斯科，一个38岁的反对派杂志《Analisis》的编辑被发现死在圣地亚哥的公墓里。他被人打了10枪。卡拉斯科的妻子说，他在星期一的凌晨从床上被几个自称是警察的男子惊醒。但官方否认了他被逮捕。卡拉斯科，是左派革命运动的成员，结束8年的流亡回到智利仅仅两年。

至少有两名以上被谋杀的受害者尸体今天也发现，但他们的身份尚未确定。在戒严状态的第二天开始的逮捕行动仍然在继续。更多左派政治人物受到围捕，被拘留的人数已达到20人。政府已经对相当数量的人发出了逮捕令，其中一些人已经藏匿起来了。名单上至少有一名智利人权委员会成员。一位发言人说，在省城圣费尔南多市，委员会成员的住房遭到搜查，但没有任何成员在家。所有反对派杂志昨天被勒令关闭，包括基督教民主周刊《霍伊》。在上一次1984年和85年间的戒严期间，《霍伊》是被允许继续出版的。五个外国教士和一名当地律师昨天被拘留的事态仍然没有解决。牧师被控袭警和携带如何制作土炸弹的说明书。皮诺切特将军昨天警告说，人权倡导者必须被驱逐。全国公共广播电台，这是蒂姆弗斯科在圣地亚哥报道。

1986年被杀害的反对派编辑何塞卡拉斯科

Former Chile President Augusto Pinochet( 1915 – 2006)

 Section Three: Special Report

 Fifty years ago, Henry Ford and his son Edsel, placed a modest amount of their vast wealth into a charitable foundation. That was the common practice then and is now for wealthy Americans. The once modest foundation has grown into the largest general purpose charitable organization in the world. The Ford Foundation has given away more than six billion dollars. Its money has touched every aspect of American life, touched the arts, science and even public radio. Warren Kozak has this report.

A symphony orchestra in the Midwest, an inner-city building project, Africa's chronic food shortages. These varied activities have one thing in common: all have received money from the Ford Foundation. Just off New York's

Forty-second Street

, in the shadow of the United Nations, a modern building with a huge glass wall serves as the world headquarters of the Ford Foundation. Besides giving away money, the Foundation has always attracted some of the country's best minds.

'Well, I should tell you that I do not join any organization, including Ford Foundation, unless it can satisfy two criteria.''

Former Secretary of Defense, World Bank President, and Ford Board member, Robert McNamara. 

“One, I insist that it be an organization I feel some capability of contributing to. And, secondly, I insist it be an organization that can contribute to me that can stimulate my interest, enlarge my understanding of the world. I should say that it has been, I think the most interesting association of my life.”

At the Foundation's headquarters, a staff of more than three hundred people studies data from all over the world, spots trends and writes recommendations. In the large board room, the directors argue the merits of individual requests and eventually decide who will get what part of the one hundred and twenty-five million dollars that goes out every year. If you think giving away that kind of money, is easy, you're wrong.

There is no question that today's Ford Foundation with a four and a half billion-dollar endowment is a force of its own. But it wasn't always that way. You see, back in 1936, there were just a few large foundations when Henry and Edsel started their small project. Their original contribution was only twenty-five thousand dollars and its main function was to help local charities in Michigan. Then in 1943, son Edsel died unexpectedly, followed four years later by his father. And the family lawyers had a huge problem on their hands. At the time of their deaths, the Ford Motor Company was not a public corporation. These two men owned most of the stock and, for tax reasons, a great deal of it had to be disposed of and quickly. 

There was only one logical recipient of the windfall. So, in the late forties, the sleepy Michigan charity became, almost overnight, the largest foundation in the world. The Third World development programs also continue to take a lot of heat from time to time. Millions of dollars have been poured into what seems to be a bottomless pit. Some problems have been solved only to find new ones taking their place. Robert McNamara defends Ford's involvement there. He thinks Foundations offer something that no one else is able to do, because without their research the government's foreign aid would be wasted. 

“It's insane to put as much money, invest as much money, per year with as inadequate an intellectual foundation of how to maximize the efficiency of those investments. And Africa is a perfect illustration of the problem. Tens of billions of dollars are being invested in Africa today. They need more. But, despite that investment, the GNP growth per capita in the countries of sub-Saharian Africa has been negative, on average, for a decade. The food production per, capita has been negative, per capita, for over a decade. Why? Who knows? Nobody knows. And governments are too large; they're too rigid; they're too inflexible; they're too sensitive, really, unable to move as rapidly, and in some ways, as radically as is necessary to find the answer to that question.”

This year the Ford Foundation will receive about nine thousand formal requests for money. All of the letters and forms will be looked at; some will be studied more closely; and about twelve hundred lucky projects will receive anywhere from a thousand dollars to several million to help them along the way. I'm Warren Kozak in Washington.

第三节 特别报道 福特基金会

50年前，亨利福特和他的儿子埃兹尔，从他们巨大财富中向慈善基金会投入了一笔善款。这是常见的做法和现在富裕的美国人无异。这一次善举打造的基金会已经成为全世界最大的慈善机构。福特基金会已花出了超过60亿美元。它的金钱已经触及到每个美国人生活的各个方面，涉及艺术，科学，甚至公共广播电台。沃伦科扎克报告。

一个中西部地区的交响乐团，或是一个城市建设项目，非洲的长期粮食储存计划。这些不同的举动都有一个共同点：他们都得到了福特基金会的钱。离开纽约42街，在联合国大楼的影子底下，一个巨大的玻璃墙的现代建筑就是福特基金会全球总部。包括花钱在内，该基金会一直吸引这全国最优秀的人才。

“好吧，我要告诉你，我不加入任何组织，包括福特基金会，除非它能够满足两个标准。”

前国防部长，世界银行总裁，福特董事会成员罗伯特麦克纳马拉如是说。

“第一，我坚持认为这是一个组织，我觉得有能力作出贡献的。第二，我坚持这是一个组织能够有助于我，可以引起我的兴趣，扩大我对世界的理解。应该说它作到了，我觉得这是我一生中最有趣的交往。”

在该基金会的总部，超过300名的工作人员研究来自世界各地的数据，指出趋势并写出建议。在大型的董事室里，董事认为个别请求而争论并且最终决定谁会得到每年支出的1亿2500万美元的那个部分。如果以为花掉这些钱很简单的话，那你就错了。

毫无疑问，今天的福特基金会拥有着四个半亿美元的捐赠就是它的实力。但它并非总是如此。你看，早在1936年时，亨利和埃兹尔开始了这项小计划时，只有几个大基金会。起初他们的捐献的只有25000美元，其主要职能是帮助密歇根州当地的慈善机构。1943年，儿子埃兹尔突然死亡，随后4年后由他的父亲接掌。而家庭的律师们遇到很大的问题。在他们的死时，福特汽车公司不再是一个公共公司。这两名男子所拥有的大多数的股份，由于税收方面的原因，大量的基金需要迅速处理。

只有一个逻辑上的意外之财的收件人。在40年代后期，昏昏欲睡的密歇根州慈善机构，几乎在一夜之间，成为世界上最大的基金会。第三世界的发展计划年复一年地吸收着大量的热量。成百万美元似乎注入进一个无底洞。有些问题已经解决，只不过是让新人坐上新位子。罗伯特麦克纳马拉反对福特参与其中。他认为基金会提出的东西没有人能够做到，因为没有经过他们的研究，政府的对外援助就是浪费。

“每年投入这样多的钱却缺乏一个如何最大限度地提高投资效率的智能基础，就发放这么多钱，投资这么多钱简直就是发疯。非洲是这样问题的一个极好的例子。今天数百亿美元投资非洲。他们需要更多。但是，尽管有了这项投资，人均国民生产总值在下撒哈拉非洲国家十年间却没有增长，超过10年食物产出的人均值还是无，为什么？谁知道？没有人知道。政府过于庞大，他们太僵硬，他们太执着，他们过于敏感，真的，而且在某些方面不能迅速作出调整，因为根本需要的是要找出问题的答案。 “

今年，福特基金会将收到大约9000件的正式请求。这些信件和表格都将予以研究，有的将进行更为深度的研究，约有1200幸运的项目将得到从一千元至数万元美元以帮助他们走上前进的道路。我是沃伦科扎克在华盛顿报道。

Henry Ford(1863 – 1947) (R) talking with his son Edsel Ford(1893 –1943), in 1942

位于纽约，建于1967年的福特基金会总部大楼

 

Former Secretary of Defense, World Bank President, and Ford Board member, Robert McNamara (1916 – 2009)