Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 conducted by Lorin Maazel in Oviedo, Spain in May of 2009.
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Andrea Bocelli & Lorin Maazel - Sentimento
洛林·马泽尔(Lorin Maazel,1930—),美籍法国指挥家、作曲家、小提琴家。马泽尔1930年3月6日生于巴黎市西郊市镇纳伊。5岁开始随莫德伦(K.Moldrem)学小提琴,7岁跟阿米蒂奇(F.Armitage)学钢琴。此外,马泽尔对乐队指挥尤感兴趣,经常随家人去观赏各种大小型的交响乐音乐会演出,次年跟洛杉矶爱乐乐团副指挥巴·卡莱尼科夫(V.Ba-Kaleinikoff)学指挥。1938年7月13日,年仅8岁的马泽尔竟然上台指挥到访的爱达荷大学乐团演出舒伯特的《第八交响曲》;同年,巴·卡莱尼科夫出任匹兹堡交响乐团助理指挥,马泽尔也举家随赴匹兹堡居住。翌年8月18日,马泽尔在纽约万国博览会上指挥因特洛琴乐团演出了门德尔松的《第四交响曲》(意大利),同年应指挥大师托斯卡尼尼之邀,在好莱坞音乐厅指挥洛杉矶爱乐乐团演出了柴科夫斯基的《斯拉夫舞曲》。11—12岁时,他接连指挥了NBC交响乐团、纽约爱乐乐团、蒙特利尔交响乐团、费城乐团、旧金山市交响乐团等。马泽尔惊人的指挥才能,被人们誉为神童指挥家。
1946年,16岁的马泽尔正式进入匹兹堡大学专攻语言学、数学和哲学,同时,他以小提琴家的身份出现在音乐舞台上,经常举行独奏会,也搞弦乐四重奏。1948—1951年期间,他借在匹兹堡交响乐团拉小提琴之机,担任过乐团助理指挥。1952年,马泽尔获得富布赖特奖学金赴意大利留学,在罗马、威尼斯、米兰等地专攻巴洛克音乐。次年12月24日,他首次以指挥家的身份在西西里岛卡塔尼亚指挥贝里尼乐团演出,从此开始他的指挥生涯。50年代,他曾在佛罗伦萨音乐节、阿根廷、维也纳音乐节、爱丁堡音乐节指挥演出。1960年,马泽尔作为第一个美国青年指挥家参加拜罗伊特音乐节的活动,指挥演出瓦格纳的歌剧《罗恩格林》,广受好评。
1962年,他率领法国国家乐团赴美国巡回演出,同年11月1日,他首次在纽约大都会歌剧院背谱指挥演出莫扎特的歌剧《唐·乔万尼》,轰动了美国乐坛。1963年夏,他赴前苏联,在莫斯科、列宁格勒指挥音乐会演出。1965—1971年,马泽尔成为柏林国家歌剧院音乐总监。1965—1975年,他出任西柏林电台交响乐团首席指挥。在此期间,他还在欧美各地担任客席指挥。
1972—1982年,马泽尔出任克利夫兰乐团音乐总监和首席指挥。在这期间,他多次带领乐团赴世界各地巡回演出,曾于1978年和1982年两度率团来香港演出。1978—1980年,他还兼任伦敦爱乐乐团客席指挥。马泽尔离开克利夫兰乐团之后,被邀为维也纳国家歌剧院总经理、艺术总监。这是第一位美国指挥家获此崇高的荣誉。两年后,他离开维也纳重返匹兹堡交响乐团。1986年被委任为客席指挥、音乐顾问,1988年才正式任命为音乐总监,已签约至1995—1996年乐季。1998—1990年期间,他还兼任法国国家乐团音乐总监一职。
除演出外,马泽尔也热心于录音、广播、电视等工作,早在1941年他就开始录制唱片,他的唱片先后由CBS、PHILIPS、MCA、NEW WORLD、NONESUCH、DG、TELACR和SONY等唱片公司录制发行。较能代表他指挥风格的唱片有:《贝多芬交响曲全集》、《马勒交响曲全集》、莫扎特《唐·乔万尼》、普契尼《修女安杰丽卡》、《群妖园舞》(Le Villi)、柴科夫斯基《1812年序曲》(以上为SONY录制);理查·斯特劳斯《查拉图斯特拉如此说》、威尔第《露易莎·米勒》、策姆林斯基《抒情交响曲》、拉威尔《西班牙时光》、《孩子与魔法》(以上为DG录制);布鲁克纳《第八交响曲》、德沃夏克《斯拉夫舞曲集》、韦伯《安魂曲》、威尔第《奥赛罗》、拉威尔《钢琴协奏曲》(以上为EMI录制)。
在生活上,马泽尔喜欢看书、看电影、写作,写有《指挥家的一周》等多部电视剧本。除音乐外,他还有语言天才,能说流利的法语、德语、意大利语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语及俄语。
在当代指挥家中,马泽尔是个音乐鬼才,在过去30多年指挥生涯中,他指挥100多个乐团演出超过4000场次的歌剧及音乐会,所指挥录制的唱片获奖更是无数。据说他有对生谱一读就能熟记的能力,甚至能背谱指挥整部歌剧。他的指挥动作直接干脆,音乐处理上经常奇峰突起,有极为强烈的对比,曲目之广泛令人惊叹。除指挥之外,他还是位作曲家、小提琴家、电视总监、艺术家、音乐行政管理官员、作家,多才多艺,德高望重。
Maazel was born to Jewish-American parents in Neuilly-sur-Seine in France and brought up in the United States. Raised by a musical family (his grandfather Isaac was a violinist in the Met Orchestra), Maazel was a child prodigy, taking his first conducting lesson at age seven and making his debut at age eight. At the age of eleven, he guest conducted the NBC Symphony Orchestra on the radio. At twelve he toured
In 1960 he became the first American to conduct at Bayreuth. He was conductor of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1965 to 1971 and the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1965 to 1975.
In 1972, Maazel began his tenure as music director at the Cleveland Orchestra, succeeding George Szell. Maazel's emotional, rich interpretation of music greatly differed from Szell's characteristic crisp, defined precision in performance. One of his most notable recordings during this time was the first complete stereo recording of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess, using an all African-American cast (except for the chorus). He held the post until 1982. He has not conducted the Cleveland Orchestra since his departure, a scheduled return engagement in 2006 was cancelled by Maazel because of illness.[1]
Maazel then served at the Vienna State Opera from 1982 to 1984 as general manager and chief conductor. In 1980 he had succeeded Willi Boskovsky as conductor at the Vienna New Year's Concert, an honorary post he upheld until 1986; from 1987 on the conductors have varied year by year,[2] and Maazel has returned a few times
From 1984-1988, he was the music consultant to the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, and its music director from 1988 to 1996. From 1993-2002, he was chief conductor of the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra in Munich.
He has conducted the music for three operatic films - Don Giovanni (1979), Carmen (1984), and Otello (1986).
In 2000, Maazel made a guest-conducting appearance with the New York Philharmonic in two weeks of subscription concerts after an absence of over twenty years,[3] which met with positive reaction from the orchestra musicians.[4] This engagement led to his appointment in January 2001 as the orchestra's next music director, starting in 2002, succeeding Kurt Masur.[5][6] He relinquished this position with the New York Philharmonic in 2009 to Alan Gilbert.
In 2004, Maazel became the music director of the Arturo Toscanini Philharmonic. In March 2006, Maazel toured
Maazel conducted the New York Philharmonic on their landmark visit to Pyongyang, North Korea on February 26, 2008. He led the orchestra in renditions of the North Korean and United States national anthems, Dvorak's New World Symphony, George Gershwin's An American in Paris, and closed with the traditional Korean folk song "Arirang".
Maazel has also composed an opera, 1984, based on the George Orwell novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.
He was depicted conducting Vienna's New Year concert on an Austrian postage stamp issued in 2005
Lorin Maazel été à la tête de plusieurs des meilleurs orchestres du monde :
- 1965–1975 : Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin
- 1970–1972 : Orchestre Philharmonia de Londres, avec Otto Klemperer
- 1972-1982 : Orchestre de Cleveland
- 1977–1991 : Orchestre national de France
- 1982–1984 : Opéra d'État de Vienne
- 1984–1996 : Orchestre symphonique de Pittsburgh
- 1993–2002 : Orchestre symphonique de la Radiodiffusion bavaroise (Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks)
- 2002-2009 : Orchestre philharmonique de New York
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