精神分裂症Schizophrenia

精神分裂症和其他一些错乱性精神疾病Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorder

(一) Schizophrenia精神分裂症

A. Characteristic symptoms: two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated):
特征性症状:两项(或更多)以下症状,在一个月的时间段内出现相当多的时候(如果有药物的有效控制,出现的时候会较少)

(1) delusions错觉

(2) hallucinations幻觉

(3) disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)没有条理的言语(经常性的跑题或语无伦次)

(4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior严重缺乏条理性或紧张性行为

(5) negative symptoms, i.e., affective flattening, alogia, or avolition阴性症状,如:情感冷淡,失语症,或兴趣缺乏

Note: Only one criterion A symptom is required if delusions are bizarre or hallucinations consist of a voice keeping up a running commentary on the person’s behavior or thoughts, or two or more voices conversing with each other.
注:以上所列症状,如果错觉非常特殊;幻觉伴有一个声音持续地评论患者的行为或思想,或者是有两个或更多的声音在交谈,那么仅需一项(极端错觉或幻觉)即可.

B. Social/occupational dysfunction: for a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care are markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset (or when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, failure to achieve expected level of interpersonal, academic, or occupational achievement).
发病以后,患者的社交或职业活动受到显著影响,工作,人际关系,自我照顾都比发病前明显下降.(如果是儿童少年时期发病,那么发病后影响到患者在人际关系,学业等发育到应该发育的水平)

C. Duration: continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. This 6-month period must include at least 1 month of symptoms (or less if successfully treated) that meet criterion A (i.e., active-phase symptoms) and may include periods of portrayal or residual symptoms. During these portrayal or residual periods, the signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only negative symptoms or two or more symptoms listed in criterion A present in an attenuated for m (e.g., odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences).
发病持续时间:症状不间断出现至少六个月.这六个月里,至少有一个月达到特征性症状A里的标准(如果有药物的有效控制,症状会轻一些)和一些症状轻微的时段.在症状轻微的时段,患者可能只出现阴性症状或两项,两项以上的轻微的A里的症状(如:奇怪的信念,稀奇的知觉).

D. Schizoaffective and Mood Disorder exclusion: Schizoaffective disorder and Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features have been ruled out because either (1) no Major Depressive, Manic or Mixed Episodes have occurred concurrently with the active phase symptoms; or (2) if mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, their total duration has been brief relative to the duration of the active and residual periods.
情感分裂和情绪障碍的排除:由以下标准排除情感分裂和情绪障碍,因为(1)没有重度忧郁症,躁狂,或二者混合发生在精神分裂发作活跃期;(2)如果情绪障碍有所发生,其持续时间也远短于精神分裂发作的活跃期.

E. Substance/general medical condition exclusion: The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
毒品或全身性疾病的排除:A里的症状不是直接由毒品或药物引起(如:存在毒品或药品滥用),也不是由某种全身性疾病引起.

F. Relationship to a Pervasive Developmental Disorder: If there is a history of Autistice Disorder or another Pervasive Developmental Disorder, the additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are also present for at least a moth (or less if successfully treated).
与广泛性发育障碍的关系:如果患者有自闭或广泛性发育障碍,那么显著的错觉或幻觉必须存在至少一个月方可诊断在这些发育障碍以外加有精神分裂.