莫扎特是西方音乐史上古典主义时期重要的代表人物之一,是非常全面多产的作曲家,仅弥撒就作有18部之多。其中以《c小调大弥撒》和《安魂曲》(安魂弥撒)最为著名,今天先欣赏《c小调大弥撒》。为什么叫“大弥撒”? 可能是为了和作曲家先前写的另一部《c小调弥撒》(K. 139 ,1768)加以区分。
如果看过电影《莫扎特传》(Amadeus,1984),可能还记得下面的场景:
my favorite scene from amadeus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNaXQQbcgw0&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=missglory1
萨里埃利翻看着手稿,被莫扎特的才华惊呆了。。。在手稿滑落之前那段天籁般的女高音 ,就是出自我们要欣赏的《c小调大弥撒》。
这部作品由以下四个部分共13个分段组成:
第一部分:“慈悲经”(Kyrie),1个分段;
第二部分:“荣耀经”(Gloria),8个分段;
第三部分:“信经”(Credo),两个分段;
第四部分:“圣哉经”(Sanctus),1个分段;
第五部分:“降幅经” (Benedictus),1个分段。
可以看出,与通常的弥撒相比,以上结构缺少“羔羊经”,而且“信经”部分也不完全,因此被认为是一部未完成的作品。已经完成的部分于1783年在萨尔斯堡首演。作品由两个女高音(当代演出有时是一个女高音,一个女中音),一个男高音,一个男低音,两个合唱队以及一个大型管弦乐队表演。全曲时长约55到60分钟。
这部作品没有完成的原因并不清楚。实际上,完成的部分已经非常完美。后世有人把这部弥撒与巴赫的《B小调弥撒》和贝多芬的《D大调庄严弥撒》并称为世界最伟大的三部弥撒。
关于这部作品的更多信息,英文见维基百科:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mass_in_C_minor,_K._427
中文见百度百科:
https://baike.baidu.com/item/c%E5%B0%8F%E8%B0%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%A5%E6%92%92
下面是作品的第一部分“垂怜经”。其中女高音独唱的旋律跌宕起伏又自然流畅如行云流水,感情的表达深沉而又生动,是整部作品中最出色的亮点之一。这段音像由英国皇家斯特霍姆乐团(Royal Stockholm Phillarmonic Orchestra)和蒙特威尔第合唱团(Monteverdi Choir)演出,加德纳(John Eliot Gardiner)指挥,演出年代不详:
Mass in C minor KV. 427: Kyrie (1785)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGWYbkXCcGU&ab_channel=AzaelHern%C3%A1ndez
下面是莫扎特《c小调大弥撒》的完整音像,由德国巴伐利亚广播公司合唱团及交响乐团(Bavarian Radio Chorus,Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks)于1989年演出, 伯恩斯坦(Leonard Bernstein)指挥,有拉丁文歌词字幕。
SOLOISTS:
Arleen Auger, S ·
Frederica von Stade, MS
Frank Lopardo. T ·
Cornelius Hauptmann, B
W.A.Mozart - messa k427 – Bernstein
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvcOGdTAfDs&ab_channel=mrz1958
下面是《c小调大弥撒》完整音像的另一个版本,由英国巴洛克演奏家乐团(English Baroque Soloists)和蒙特威尔第合唱团(Monteverdi Choir)于1991年演出,加德纳(John Eliot Gardiner)指挥:
Soloists:
Barbara Bonney, Soprano.
Anne Sofie von Otter, Mezzo-soprano.
Anthony Rolfe Johnson, Tenor.
Alastair Miles, Bass.
Mozart - Mass in C minor, K 427 - Gardiner
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvvk7ZG1IZw&ab_channel=Cantus5
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
(ZT)
莫扎特《c小调大弥撒》歌词的拉丁文原文与英文翻译对照:
Kyrie Kyrie eleison. Christe eleison. Kyrie eleison.
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Kyrie Lord have mercy. Christ have mercy. Lord have mercy.
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Gloria Gloria in excelsi, Deo. Et in terra pax hominibas bonae voluntatis.
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Gloria Glory be to God on high. And on earth peace to men of good will.
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Laudamus te. Benedicimus te. Adoramus te. Glorificamus te.
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We praise thee. We bless thee. We worship thee. We glorify thee.
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Gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam.
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We give thee thanks for thy great glory.
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Domine Deus, Rex caelestis, Pater omnipotens. Domine Fili unigenite Jesu Christe. Domine Deus, Agnus Dei, Filius Patris.
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Lord God, heavenly King, God the Father almighty.
Lord, only begotten Son, Jesus Christ. Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father.
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Qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis. Qui tollis peccata mundi, suscipe deprecationem nostram. Qui sedes ad dexteram Patris, miserere nobis.
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Thou that takest away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us. Thou that takest away the sins of the world, receive our prayer. Thou that sittest at the right hand of the Father, have mercy upon us.
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Quoniam tu solus sanctus. Tu solus Dominus. Tu solus altissimus.
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For thou alone art holy. Thou alone art the Lord. Thou alone art the most high. |
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Jesu Christe.
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Jesus Christ. |
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Cum Sancto Spiritu, in gloria Dei Patris. Amen.
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With the Holy Spirit, in the glory of God the Father. Amen. |
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Credo Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium. Et in unum Dominum Jesum Christum, Filium Dei unigenitum. Et ex Patre natum ante omnia saecula. Deum de Deo, lumen de lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero. Genitum non factum, consubstantialem Patri: per quem omnia facta sunt. Qui propter nos homines, et propter nostram salutem descendit de caelis.
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Credo I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things, visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God. Born of the Father before all generations. God from God, light from light, true God from true God. Begotten not made, of one substance with the Father: through whom all things were made. Who for us men, and for our salvation came down from heaven. |
Et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto ex Maria Virgine: et homo factus est.
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And was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the Virgin Mary: and was made man. |
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Sanctus Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Pleni sunt caeli et terra gloria tua. Hosanna in excelsis.
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Sanctus Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of Sabaoth. Heaven and earth are full of thy glory. Hosanna in the highest. |
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Benedictus Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini. Hosanna in excelsis.
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Benedictus Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest. |