韩诗外传4.3:有大忠者

夏学,就是中华民族古老的智慧。在物质极其丰富,科技发达的今天,人最缺乏的是信仰和真正的生命智慧。而以易经为核心的华夏生命哲学,正好可以用来添补空虚的心灵,给人智慧和力量。
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韩诗外传4.3:有大忠者

 

原文:

有大忠者,有次忠者,有下忠者,有国贼者。以道覆君而化之,是谓大忠也;以德调君而辅之,是谓次忠也;以谏非君而怨之,是谓下忠也;不恤乎公道之达义,偷合苟同,以持禄养者,是谓国贼也。若周公之于成王,可谓大忠也;管仲之于桓公,可谓次忠也;子胥之于夫差,可谓下忠也;曹触龙之于纣,可谓国贼也。皆人臣之所为也,吉凶贤不肖之效也。《诗》曰:“匪其止共,惟王之邛(qióng病)。”

译文:

有大忠的人,有次忠的人,有下忠的人,有国家的强盗叫国贼。用道义教化辅佐君王,这叫大忠;用仁德调教君王而辅佐他,这叫次忠;用劝谏批评君主而怨恨他,这叫下忠;不在乎公正道义,苟且投主所好,就是为了拿到俸禄,这叫国家的盗贼。像周公对于成王,可以说是大忠;管仲对于桓公,可以说是次忠;伍子胥对于吴王夫差,可以说是下忠;曹触龙对于商纣,可以说是国贼。这都是为人臣子的所作所为,有吉有凶、有好有坏,结果完全不一样。《诗经》说:“臣子不安于恭敬礼义,倒霉的是君王。”


侠客心得:

周公作为摄政王辅佐天子,以道义感化教育成王,垂范天下,开创成康之治,是大忠之臣。管仲作为仲父辅佐齐王,以美德感化教育桓公,九合诸侯一匡天下,是次忠之臣。伍子胥作为吴王夫差的辅政大臣,帮助吴王大败越国,为吴王报了杀父之仇。但是他没有以道义和仁德教育吴王,成就也就停留在冤冤相报;最后越王勾践卧薪尝胆,消灭了吴国,夫差流放客死他乡,可以说是下忠。曹触龙为了自己的官位和俸禄,迎合商纣王的低级趣味,穷奢极欲,暴虐无道,最后国破人亡,可以说是国贼。

现在又出现了一种新的国賊,叫爱国贼。爱国贼们口号喊得震天响,而干的勾当却是蚕食国家资源。他们把老婆孩子和脏款一并送到国外,吃里扒外残害人民,败坏华夏文化。这种人是最可恶的国贼,是人人喊打的黑心老鼠。

 
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