夏时制／冬时制(Daylight Saving Time, or, DST)这个不招人待见的制度究竟是怎么开始的呢？有人说是为了方便农民伯伯，有人说是一战／二战的产物。
那么好，咱先来问问农民伯伯，看看有几个人念叨它的好处？在印第安那州，部分地区使用夏时制，这些地方的农民为此老大不乐意。他们习惯了日出而作日落而息，现在愣是要被政府逼着遵守人为的时间规定，因为买粮食的商人人家那可是城里人，人家可是听着闹钟起床，人家可是不看太阳。
既然农民伯伯不喜欢，那这制度到底是为什么开始的？没错，它还真是起源于一战期间的美国，为的是减少人工光源的使用。不过当时只有少部分州使用这一制度，直到二战时期夏时制才开始在美国被全面推行。
二战早成了历史，可历史却留下了讨厌的夏时制给我们。1966年的The Uniform Time Act of 1966开始了夏冬的人为交替，我们遵循至今。
国会的人脑子都进水了，可能。
而最早脑子进水的那个人他叫Benjamin Franklin，我小时候还背过他不少名言，说明他还是有闪光点的，可惜不是在这件事情上。这个富兰克林在1784年写了篇文章， "
再后来，这项事业，就被更多脑子进水的人给继承了下来，叫嚣着说好啊好啊夏时制就是好。究竟好在哪儿呢，那后来跟风的人其实越来越糊涂，没人说得清楚。久而久之，竟然答案就变成：哦，习惯了。
要说最初那帮家伙，也是出于好意，觉着天亮的时间长，好开车，安全。
要不说他们脑子不灵光呢。那天黑得晚了，天亮得还晚了呢！早上开车就不用趁亮啦？
于是，1973年间，好多人反对这个制度――早晨校车交通事故骤然增多。再后来，又出了个加拿大1991到1992年间交通事故调查研究，University of British Columbia的教授Stanley Coren搞的，证明在四月份，时间往前拨了之后的礼拜一早晨，交通事故比平常增加了百分之八。这位教授认为事故的增加是睡眠不足造成的。在他写给New England Journal of Medicine的信中指出： "These data show that small changes in the amount of sleep that people get can have major consequences in everyday activities."他后来的跟进研究更加证实了他的说法――即便是短短一小时的时间变更，也会搅扰睡眠模式，不良影响可以持续五天之久。
这就是这个本意要充分利用能源的制度，与它节约的极其有限的能源相比，它带来的更多是麻烦。
想想看，每年两次之多，全体人民都要调整自己的生物钟。尽管换回冬天时间的时候，会有人欢欣鼓舞，因为赚了一个钟头的睡眠。可羊毛出在羊身上，赚那一个钟头是早年亏的呢可别忘了。而对于我拖家带口的人而言，就更痛苦。孩子不懂得什么时间的调整，生物钟且得调几天。他们缓过来之前，我除非提前睡觉，否则就生生少了一个钟头睡眠。比如最近，我一下要从每天六点变成五点起床，因为一到点，孩子就像隋朝末年的农民起义一样，此起彼伏的。
老人家比孩子适应能力还差，到时候该起了，一看表，还早。接茬儿睡？怎么可能？！熬着吧。所以“赚”了觉的，都是本来就睡得奢侈的人们。而“亏”了的，时间的调整从本质上来说其实就是涂炭生灵。
不是我危言耸听，确实是不得人心。
我查了下Wikipedia(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_Saving_Time)，上面列有以下罪状，我基本同意：
一、对身体的挑战及其恶果
The disruption in sleep patterns associated with setting clocks either forward or backward correlates with a small increase in the number of fatal auto accidents,[5] (cf. above estimate of net decrease in fatal auto accidents of 50) as well as lost productivity as sleep-disrupted workers adjust to the schedule change.[6]
Some studies do show that changing the clock increases the traffic accident rate.[8] Following the spring shift to DST, when one hour of sleep is lost, there is a measurable increase in the number of traffic accidents that result in fatalities.
二、对日常生活造成不便
It is also noted that much effort is spent reminding everyone twice a year of the change, and thousands are inconvenienced by showing up at the wrong time when they forget.[citation needed]
三、不切实际
Since DST exchanges morning daylight for evening daylight, late sunrises occur when DST is in effect either too far before the vernal equinox or too far after the autumnal equinox and darkness in the morning can be undesirable for early risers like schoolchildren and workers who must awaken at 6:30 a.m. or earlier.
四、节能一说可疑
There is also a question whether the decrease in lighting costs justifies the increase in summertime air conditioning costs. Workers arriving home to an empty house during hotter hours will need to use more energy to cool their house.[citation needed] It is also speculated that one of the benefits—more afternoon sun—would also actually increase energy consumption as people get into their cars to enjoy more time for shopping and the like.[citation needed]
五、对社会运转的负面影响（包括交通、商务、法律等）
DST's twice-annual shifts in recorded time cause legal and business-operational complications, as shown in the following examples. During a North American time change, a fall night during which clocks are reset from 2 a.m. DST to 1 a.m. Standard Time, times between 1 a.m. and 2 a.m. will occur twice, causing confusion in transport schedules, payment systems, etc.[citation needed] DST's annual autumn shift in recorded time—which causes an hour of the same numerical name to be recorded twice—also means that people born during one of those two hours have no way to know which of standard time or DST was used to record the time of their birth, unless someone such as a parent makes a note of it; birth certificates rarely keep track of this. A British politician, Lord Balfour, noted the legal complications in British law: "Supposing some unfortunate Lady was confined with twins and the first child was born 10 minutes before 3 o'clock British Summer Time. ... the time of birth of the two children would be reversed. ... Such an alteration might conceivably affect the property and titles in that House."[7]
六、对国际商务的负面影响
Daylight saving time also causes much confusion with international business, people who commute across time zones, and computer networks that span multiple time zones. One particular problem for scheduling systems is that it makes the length of a day variable. Each year there is one 23 hour day and one 25 hour day, causing display and time tracking problems, especially when coordinating events between time zones.
七、对劳工协作的负面影响
People who work nights often have an extra hassle logging how many hours they worked, since it will be either one hour more or one hour less than the simple difference in start/stop times.
八、对农民的负面影响
DST is particularly unpopular among people working in agriculture[9] because they must rise with the sun regardless of what the clock says, and thus the people are placed out of synchronization with the rest of the community, including school times, broadcast schedules, and the like.
今天我去接孩子的时候，平时老乐呵呵的他们哭哭啼啼地问我：“为什么？妈妈，为什么？天都黑了才来接我们？！”
我把车灯打开，驶出昏黑的停车场，也叹了口气。
唉，有人爱看傍晚的落日，有人爱看清晨的日出，谁也说服不了谁。太阳的起落，是自然在掌管，它决定我们得到什么时候的雨露什么时候的阳光。人类，更别提根本不能代表人类的国会，实在无权干涉。
参考网站： www.standardtime.com
