是不是有点废话,这两词不是一样嘛! Well, 往下看。
读报纸时看到doleful这词,记得它的意思是“悲伤,不高兴”之类 (doleful = cheerless, sad, sorrowful, or grievous), 是形容词。它的名词是 dole = grief, sorrow。这词和它的用法都不难,比如一个人不高兴时会流露出一张 doleful face (a person would show a doleful face when he/she is unhappy). 我们可将带有巨大痛苦的损失叫做doleful loss (If someone suffers a sizable and painful loss, we can call it doleful loss). 悲哀的音乐曲调也可称做 doleful melody (When a musical piece expresses a lamenting melody, we can call it a doleful melody).
在前面的词汇学习中,我们见过前缀con- = together. 现在将con- 和 dole 放一块, 联成condole. 各位大概都知道condole对吧,就是“安慰”还有“吊丧”的意思。用中文说不吉利, 我们就用英语讲: When a family suffers a grand loss (such as decease/death of a member), we go and condole the family. So condole literally means that people express grief together and figuratively means that we go and give sympathetic sorrow。condole的名词是condolence。People will give condolence to a family that suffers such a loss.
有人可能会问,不是有那句常用英语 "Hay, where is my dole?" 意思是问,“我该得的那份在哪儿?” 在此,dole = one's allotted share or portion (该得的那份). 这又是怎么回事?
其实,从辞源上看, 此dole非同彼 dole。第一个dole是土生土长的英文,根生于古英文中。而第二个dole是外来语, 根系拉丁。换言之,这两个"dole"是毫不相干的两个词。
至此有人或要感叹: Damn English, why do you have to be that hard?
难在哪儿? 难就难在词汇。英文属 Anglo-Saxon 语系, 但在不同历史时期, 英文屡屡遭受拉丁语种的蹂躏,结果就是被杂交了的英语词汇,也就成了我们今天学习英文最大的难题。从词汇上讲,学一门英文要相当于学两门别的语种,这一点都不夸张。
在您寻找快乐的同时, 准备好接受英文词汇的挑战了吗?
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