Lesson 01
Section One: News in Brief
1. Freed American hostage, David Jacobsen, appealed today for the release of the remaining captives in Lebanon , saying, "Those guys are in hell and we've got to get them home." Jacobsen made his remarks as he arrived at Wiesbaden , West Germany , accompanied by Anglican Church envoy, Terry Waite, who worked to gain his release. And Waite says his efforts will continue.
Jacobsen had a checkup at the air force hospital in Wiesbaden . And hospital director, Colonel Charles Moffitt says he is doing well." Although Mr. Jacobsen is tired, our initial impression is that he is physically in very good condition. It also seems that he has dealt with the stresses of his captivity extremely well." Although Jacobsen criticized the US government's handling of the hostage situation in a videotape made during his captivity, today he thanked the Reagan Administration and said he was darn proud to be an American. The Reagan Administration had little to say today about the release of Jacobsen or the likelihood that other hostages may be freed. Boarding Air Force One in Las Vegas , the President said, "There's no way to tell right now. We've been working on that. We've had heart-breaking disappointments."
2. Mr. Reagan was in Las Vegas campaigning for Republican candidate, Jim Santini, who is running behind Democrat, Harry Reed.
3. In Mozambique today a new president was chosen to replace Samora Machel who died in a plane crash two weeks ago. NPR's John Madison reports: "The choice of the 130-member Central Committee of the ruling FRELIMO Party was announced on Mozambique radio this evening. He is Joaquim Chissano , Mozambique 's Foreign Minister, No. 3 in the Party. Chissano, who is forty-seven, was Prime Minister of the nine-month transitional government that preceded independence from Portugal in 1975. He negotiated the transfer of power with Portugal .
第一节 简明新闻
1. 获释的美国人质，大卫杰克布森，今天请求释放仍关押在黎巴嫩的人质，他说：“那些人是在地狱里，而我们必须把他们救回家去。”杰克布森是在通过斡旋使他获释的英国圣公会教会特使，泰瑞怀特的陪同下抵达西德威斯巴登时说这番话的。泰瑞怀特说，他将继续努力。
杰克布森在威斯巴登的空军医院里接受了身体检查，医生查理斯墨菲特少校说他的身体状况不错：“尽管杰克布森先生很疲倦，但给我们的初步印象是他的身体状况还很好的。”虽然杰克布森先生在一盘在他被关押期间录制的录像带中批评了美国政府处理人质事件的做法，但今天他感谢里根政府并且说为他是美国人而感到很骄傲。里根政府对于杰克布森的获释没有表态或许其他人质也会获释。登上“空军一号”前往拉斯维加斯时，总统说“现在还不是说好的时候，我们还要继续工作，我们也曾经有过令人痛心的沮丧。”
2. 里根先生在拉斯维加斯为落后于民主党的哈利瑞德的共和党候选人吉姆山提尼助战。
3. 今天，莫桑比克确立了一位新总统，接任 2 周前在飞机失事中罹难的萨莫拉米歇尔。全国广播公司记者约翰曼德森报道：挑选结果是由有 130 名成员组成的中央委员会的执政的莫桑比克解放阵线今天晚上通过莫桑比克广播电台宣布的，他是乔开姆齐萨诺，莫桑比克的外交部长。党内第三号人物，乔开姆齐萨诺 47 岁， 1975 年从葡萄牙独立时曾经在过度政府中担任过 9 个月的总理一职。他曾经就权力交换与葡萄牙进行谈判。
( Joaquim Chissano )
Section Two: News in Detail
This much is clear tonight: an American held in Lebanon almost a Year and a half is free. David Jacobsen is recuperating in a hospital in Wiesbaden , West Germany . Twenty-four hours earlier, Jacobsen was released in Beirut by Islamic Jihad. But this remains a mystery: what precisely led to his freedom? Jacobsen will spend the next several days in the US air force facility in Wiesbaden for a medical examination. Diedre Barber reports.
After preliminary medical checkups today, David Jacobsen's doctor said he was tired but physically in very good condition. US air force hospital commander, Charles Moffltt, said in a medical briefing this afternoon that Jacobsen had lost little weight seemed extremely fit. He joked that he would not like to take Jacobsen's challenge to reporters earlier in the day to a six-mile jog around the airport. Despite his obvious fatigue, Jacobsen spent the afternoon being examined by hospital doctors. He was also seen by a member of the special stress-management team sent from Washington . Colonel Moffitt said that after an initial evaluation it seems as if Jacobsen coped extremely well with the stresses of his captivity. He said there was also no evidence at this point that the fifty-five-year-old hospital director had been tortured or physically abused. Jacobsen seemed very alert, asking detailed questions about the facilities of the Wiesbaden medical complex, according to Moffitt.
So far, Jacobsen has refused to answer questions about his five hundred and twenty-four days as a hostage. Speaking briefly to reporters after his arrival in Wiesbaden this morning, he said his joy at being free was somewhat diminished by his concern for the other hostages left behind. He thanked the US government and President Ronald Reagan for helping to secure his release. Jacobsen also gave special thanks to Terry Waite, an envoy of the Archbishop of Canterbury, for his help in the negotiation. Waite, who accompanied Jacobsen from Beirut to Wiesbaden today, said he might be going to Beirut in several days. There are still seven American hostages being held in Lebanon by different political groups. Jacobsen will be joined in Wiesbaden tomorrow by his family. Hospital officials said they still do not know how many days Jacobsen will remain for tests and debriefing sessions before returning to the United States with his family. For National Public Radio, this is Diedre Barber, Wiesbaden .
第一节 详细新闻 美国人质大卫杰克布森获释
今晚可以很清楚知道的是：一位在黎巴嫩被关押了差不多一年半的美国人质获释了。大卫杰克布森正在西德威斯巴登的一家医院里休养。 24 小时前，杰克布森在贝鲁特被伊斯兰杰哈德组织释放。但神秘的是：究竟是什么使得他获释？杰克布森还要在威斯巴登的美国空军基地中接受几天的医疗检查。戴德瑞德巴伯报道。
在今天初步体检之后，大卫杰克布森的医生说他很疲劳但身体状况很好。美国空军医院司令官，查理斯墨菲特在今天下午的一次医疗简报会上说，杰克布森看起来过胖，但减了些体重。他开玩笑地说：他不愿意让杰克布森过早地面对记者，而是让他围着机场进行 6 英里的慢跑。尽管他明显地十分疲倦，杰克布森还是要花上一下午的时间接受医院大夫的检查。他还要见一位被华盛顿派来的特别的压力管理团队的成员。查理斯墨菲特少校说，根据一项初步的评估显示，杰克布森似乎能够很好地应对在被关押期间所受到的压力。他说，没有证据显示这位 55 岁的医院院长受到过拷打和人身虐待。根据墨菲特的说法，杰克布森似乎非常敏感，还详细询问了威斯巴登医疗综合设施的设备情况。
到目前为止，杰克布森始终拒绝回答有关他作为 524 天人质的问题。今天早上到达威斯巴登后，他对记者们发表了简单的讲话，他说因为他惦记着其他还被扣押的人质所以他被释放的快乐已经消散了。他感谢美国政府和罗纳德里根总统帮助他获得释放。杰克布森尤其感谢坎特伯雷圣公会教区的特使泰瑞怀特在谈判中给予的帮助。今天陪同杰克布森从贝鲁特来到威斯巴登的怀特说，几天之内他将返回贝鲁特。还有 7 名美国人质在黎巴嫩被不同的政治派别扣押着。明天，杰克布森将在威斯巴登同他的家庭团聚。医院官员们说，他们还不知道杰克布森在和他的家人们返回美国之前还要做几天的检查以及发布消息的日期。全国公共广播，戴德巴伯在威斯巴登报道。 
(Former hostage, M. David Jacobsen, at a press conference. 11/01/1986 )
Section Three: Special Report
The leader of Chinese revolution, Mao Tsetong, died ten years ago today. During his lifetime, Mao became a cult figure, but the current government has tried to change that. Now his tomb and enbalmed body in Beijing are just another tourist attraction. And no longer do millions of Chinese study or wave aloft the famous "Little Red Book' of Quotations from Chairman Mao. Along with the political writing, Mao wrote poetry as well poems about the revolution, the Red Army, poems about nature. Willis Barnstone has translated some of Mao's work and considers him an original master, one of China 's most important poets.
“Had he not been a revolutionary, perhaps his poetry would not have been as interesting because his personal poetry was the history of China . At the same time because he was a famous revolutionary and leader, it has prejudiced most people, almost correctly, to dismiss his poetry as simply the work of a man who achieved fame elsewhere.”
“But his work was not dismissed within China though?”
“Well, now it's almost consciously forgotten. But when I was there in 72, you could see his poems on every dining room wall, engraved on peach-pits ... During lunch hours, workers would study his poems. They were every place."
“Is there, though, a revisionist thinking within literary circles? Are people saying Mao wasn't any good as a poet either?”
"No. Well, at least in my conversations in the year I recently spent in Peking teaching at the university there, I found very few people who didn't think he was a very good poet. But they did feel that his suggestions which were that people not write in the classical style, that they write in what he called the modern style, was very repressive. And as a result, of course, the restriction of publication during the ten years of the Cultural Revolution, poetry was abysmal.”
“When you say the modern style, would that be, for example, free verse?"
“It would be free verse as opposed to classical rhymes or classical forms."
“You write in the introduction to one of your translations of poems of Mao Tsetong that people ... you explain that leaders in China , and indeed in the East, are expected to be accomplished poets.”
“Yes, I think that's true. The night that Tojo ... before Tojo died, he, ... in Japan, he wrote some poems. Ho Chi Minh was a poet. It was common. In fact, I think until early in the twentieth century, even to pass a bureaucratic exam, one had to know a huge number of classical forms. And especially, a leader should at least be a poet.”
“There is one poem which is political in nature which has to do with a parasitic disease in China .”
“Yes. Mao wrote some poems, two poems actually, about getting rid of a disease that was a plague for the country. And it's called "Saying goodbye to the God of Disease." And the poem needs annotation. In that sense, it’s typical of classical Chinese poetry; he makes references to earlier emperors and places.”
Saying Goodbye to the God of Disease
Mauve waters and green mountains are nothing
When the great ancient doctor Hua Tuo
Could not defeat a tiny worm.
A thousand villages collapsed, were choked with weeds,
Men were lost arrows, ghosts sang
In the doorway of a few desolate houses.
Yet now in a day, we leap around the earth,
Or explore a thousand milky ways.
And if the cowherd who lives on a star
Asks about the God of plagues,
Tell him, happy or sad, "The God is gone,
Washed away in the waters."
A poem by Mao Tsetong read by Willis Barnstone, Professor of Comparative Literature at Indiana University in Bloomington . He talked with us from WFIU.
第三节 特别报道
访问伯明顿印第安纳大学比较文学教授威尔斯巴恩斯通——介绍毛泽东的诗
中国革命领导人毛泽东， 10 年前的今天去世。在他的有生之年，毛成了一种文化标志，但现在的政府已经在试图改变这种状况，目前他的陵墓和防腐的遗体在北京成了一处旅游景点。而且不再有成百万的中国人学习或挥舞《毛主席语录》即著名的“小红书”的情景了。既进行政治写作，毛也撰写诗歌，关于革命的，红军的，还有描写大自然的。威尔斯巴恩斯通翻译过一些毛的著作，认为他是位独特的大师，是中国最重要的诗人之一。
“如果他不是一位革命家的话，也许他的诗不会令人感兴趣，因为他个人的诗是关于中国历史的。正是由于他同时是一位著名的革命家和领导人，这误导了大多数人，差不多是这样。结果按照规定格式作诗的诗人遭到摒弃因为这样的诗作很简单。”
“但他的作品在中国国内没有被摒弃吧？”
“哦，现在差不多都被遗忘了。但当我 72 年到那里的时候，你可以看见他的诗出现在每个食堂的墙上，刻在桃把上 … 在午饭时，工人们要学习他的诗歌。这种情况到处都是。”
“一个修正主义者的观点会在文学圈子里吗？或者大家都说毛好到也算是位诗人吗？”
“不，嗯，至少在我的那些年的谈话中，那时我在北京的大学里教书，我发现只有很少的人认为他不是个好诗人。但是，他们觉得他要人们不能再写作古体诗而只能用被他称为现在体（写作）的建议是非常残酷的。结果是，当然了，从十年的文化大革命中的公开的限制来看，诗歌是很不好的。”
“你提到现代体，哪是不是，比方说是指自由体诗？”
“相对于传统韵律或传统格律那就是自由体诗。”
“你撰文介绍你翻译的毛泽东的一首诗歌，那个人 … 你解释到中国的，实际上在东方的领导们，都会做诗。”
“是的，我想这是真的，东条那个夜晚 … 东条死前，他 … 在日本，写过一些诗。胡志明也是个诗人。这很普遍。事实上，我认为在 20 世纪早期，为了通过科举考试，人人必须知道大量的古典文体。特别的是，领导人最终都会成为一个诗人。”
“这里有一首描写中国对抗寄生虫病的政治诗歌。”
“是的，毛写过一些诗歌，确切说有两首诗歌是关于在这个国家里消灭瘟疫的。诗名字叫《送瘟神》。诗歌需要注释。从这种感觉上来说，这是古体的中国诗歌，他参考了早期的一些皇帝和地名。
《送瘟神》
绿水青山妄自多，华佗无奈小虫何。千村薜荔人遗矢，万户萧疏鬼唱歌。
坐地日行八万里，巡天遥看一干河。牛郎欲问瘟神事，一样悲欢逐旧波。
诗歌由毛泽东创作，伯明顿印第安纳大学比较文学教授威尔斯巴恩斯通朗读。他是从 WFIU 电台和我们谈话。 
Willis Barnstone
威尔斯巴恩斯通专著
