Lesson Ten
Section One: News in Brief
1. President Reagan said today he will veto a defense spending bill if it is approved, as expected, by the House. Speaking to a private group in Washington today, the President said he was concerned about provisions in the bill that would ban nuclear testing and cut funding for his Star Wars defense system. The President also charged that the Soviet-backed ban on nuclear testing is “ a backdoor to nuclear freeze. ” And he accused the Soviets of a major propaganda campaign on the testing issue.
2. Israeli warplanes bombed suspected Palestinian guerrilla bases in Southeast Beirut today. Police said the bomb set at least four targets on fire. There are reports that two people were wounded in the attacks.
3. At a news conference in Pretoria today, South African Foreign Minister Pic Botha called international sanctions against his country “a mad perverse action” that will put many blacks out of work. But Botha said the South African government 'accepts the challenge to overcome the effect of sanctions.'
4. White House spokesman Larry Speakes said today President Reagan will veto on Friday a sanctions bill passed by Congress, but he admitted it will be tough to sustain the veto.
5. On Wall Street today, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was up four and a half points, closing at 1797.81. Trading was moderate, one hundred thirty-two million shares.
White House spokenman Larry Speakes
第一节 简明新闻
1. 总统里根今天表示，如果防务支出法案如预期的那样被众院通过，他将行使否决权。在对华盛顿的一个私人团体发表讲话时，总统说，他关心的是该法案将规定禁止核试验并削减他的星球大战防御系统的经费。总统还指责苏联――支持禁止无核试验是“一扇通向核冻结的后门”。同时他攻击苏联在试验问题上的主要宣传活动。
2. 以色列战斗机今天轰炸了贝鲁特东南部疑似巴勒斯坦游击队的基地。警察说，炸弹至少投放在 4 个目标。有些报道称有 2 人在这次袭击中受伤。
3. 今天在比勒陀利亚的一次新闻发布会上，南非外交部长匹克博塔称针对其国家的国际制裁“是一项疯狂的倒行逆施”，将会使许多黑人失去工作。但博塔说，南非政府“接受挑战以克服制裁所带来的影响”。
4. 白宫发言人拉瑞斯匹克斯说，今天里根总统将否决星期五国会通过的一项制裁法案，但他也承认维持否决将是艰难的。
5. 今天在华尔街，道琼斯工业指数上升了 4.5 个点，以 1797.81 收市。交易温和，（成交量） 1 亿 3200 万股。
Section Two: News in Detail
Israeli warplanes today bombed four suspected Palestinian guerrilla bases in Lebanon . Reports from Beirut say at least two people were wounded and a number of fires started in the four villages. From Jerusalem , Jerry Cheslow filed this report which was subject to censorship by Israeli authorities.
According to the Israeli army spokesman, the targets were bases belonging to two pro-Syrian Palestinian guerrilla organizations. Israeli military sources say one of the targets was a staging base for raids against northern Israel . Lebanese radio stations reported that at least two people were wounded in the attack south of Beirut and that Beirut International Airport was closed for half an hour. Israeli military sources stress that the air raid had nothing to do with this week's tensions along Israel ’s border with Lebanon . They were between the Shi'ite Muslim Hizbullah (Party of God) Militia and the Israeli-backed South Lebanese Army Militia. Over the past two weeks, large Hizbullah forces stormed dozens of South Lebanese Army positions. Israeli military sources say that at least fifteen South Lebanese Army men and some fifty members of Hizbullah were killed. According to the sources the attacks also badly damaged the morale of the South Lebanese Army, and this led Israel to deploy a large force along its border with Lebanon . The force included troops, armor and artillery, and according to knowledgeable observers it was equipped for offensive action against Hizbullah. Senior Israeli defense sources say that Hizbullah was trying to take over all, of southern Lebanon . Hizbullah has also been attacking Unifil, the UN force in Southern Lebanon . Over the past six weeks, four French Unifil troops were killed by Hizbullah, and just this morning a French UN base was rocketed in Southern Lebanon . There were no casualty, but some of its soldiers were blown off their seats. And the sources said that Hizbullah's domination of Southern Lebanon would be a direct threat to Israel . Some of its men who were killed were wearing kerchiefs with the words 'Onward to Jerusalem ' printed on them. But since the Israeli troops deployed along the border three days ago, there have been no Hizbuilah attacks on the South Lebanese Army. By nightfall here in the Middle East , the Israeli troops had returned to their bases. For National Public Radio, I'm Jerry Cheslow in Jerusalem .
第二节 详细新闻 以色列空军轰炸黎巴嫩境内巴勒斯坦游击队基地
以色列战斗机今天轰炸了黎巴嫩疑似巴勒斯坦游击队基地。据来自贝鲁特的报道说，至少有 2 人受伤，四个村庄的数处开始着火。在耶路撒冷，杰瑞切斯陆发来经过以色列官方检查的报道。
根据以色列军方发言人的说法，（轰炸）目标分别属于 2 个亲叙利亚的巴勒斯坦游击队组织。以色列军方消息来源称，其中一个目标是袭击以色列北部的集结基地。黎巴嫩广播电台报道说至少有 2 人在南贝鲁特的袭击中受伤，贝鲁特国际机场关闭了半个小时。以色列军方消息强调空袭对本周沿以黎边界的紧张局势毫无作用。他们之间是什叶派穆斯林真主党（真主党）民兵和以色列支持的南黎巴嫩军民兵。在过去两个星期，大批的真主党武装冲进数处南黎巴嫩军阵地。以色列军方消息说，至少有 15 人南黎巴嫩军人员和大约 50 真主党成员被打死。根据消息来源称，攻击严重挫败了南黎巴嫩军的士气，这导致以色列在沿其与黎巴嫩的边界地区集结了大批部队。这批部队包括陆军，装甲军和炮兵，而根据有见识的观察员称其装备是准备的进攻行动是针对真主党。以色列国防部高级人士说，真主党试图控制整个黎巴嫩南部。真主党还攻击联合国维和部队，既在黎巴嫩南部的联合国部队。在过去 6 个星期， 4 名法国联合国维和部队军人被真主党杀害，就在今天上午一个法国联合国基地在黎巴嫩南部遭到火箭袭击。有没人员伤亡，但一些士兵被从座位上被掀下来。而消息人士称，真主党对黎巴嫩南部的控制将对以色列造成直接威胁。一些被打死的他们的人的身上戴着的方巾印有“向耶路撒冷前进”的字样。但是自从 3 天前以色列军队在边界沿线部署以后，没有发生过真主党对南黎巴嫩军袭击。当夜幕降临到中东时，以色列军队已返回他们的基地。全国公共广播电台，我是杰瑞切斯陆耶路撒冷报道。
以色列战机轰炸黎巴嫩南部地区
Section Three: Special Report
This week, Californian wine workers vote on a contract proposal from winery owners. The workers have now been on strike for six weeks. The contract proposal calls for cuts in wages and cuts in benefits. The prospects for rank and file approval seem slim. A central issue of the strike is the economic well-being of the California Wine industry. William Drummond reports.
A gondola containing tons of freshly picked Chardonnay* grapes are dumped into a hopper as the process begins for bottling the 1986 vintage. The harvest has continued despite the fact that more than two thousand winery workers have struck twelve of the biggest wineries in Northern and Central California . Relying on automated plants and non-union labor, members of the Winery Owners' Association have succeeded in carrying on what looks like business is usual. But out on the picket line, union worker Pat Scoley is anything but pleased.
"I guess they're doing all right. If they aren't, they want us to think they are. I hope to hell they aren't, between you and me.'
The union contract expired at the end of July, which is the beginning of the harvest, the time when wine makers usually need all the help they can get. But many plants are like the Charles Krug* Winery, which has been completely automated. Owner Peter Mondavi* says the strike has no effect on producing the product.
'We feel that we can go on indefinitely, because there's a lot of people who want to work. And it's only a question of training these people and, of course, with the system that we have, very well computerized, that they can fit in with a reasonable amount of training, that they can fit in. So, I mean, we're not concerned about it.'
Actually, the heavy rainfall several days ago in the Napa Valley seemed to disturb the owners more than the strike. Mondavi* produces around a million cases a year, super premium brands under the Charles Krug* label, mid-range premium wines and jug wines. Mondavi* says the industry took a beating during the last several years because of cheap wine imports from Europe . Even though Americans today are drinking more wine chiefly in the form of wine coolers, wine makers say there's not that much profit in the coolers, and they're still in a financial pinch.
“I feel that the industry has hit its low point and now is on the uptrend. Of course, it's not an 既 that you will see overnight, but it is a healthy uptrend in a gradual growth manner now. But I wouldn't necessarily say a greater profitability because the profit is very, very marginal. The volume is there, it's true, but the profit is very, very marginal.”
Mondavi's* marginal profit argument does not win much support among striking workers, like Hannah Stockton, who works in the bottling plant at Christian Brothers.
'I don't believe it, because I read the paper every day, and I listen to the news. I mean, there has been increase in sale. I mean... I believe three or four years back, we had a slump in the industry. But wine is coming back. Now they are coming out with wine coolers; they are making money. We don't want a raise; we just want to keep what we've got.'
Wages for workers in the winery industry range from around eight dollars to fifteen dollars an hour. The union was willing to give up a slight reduction in wages, but refused to accept cuts in the pension and health benefits. The employers reportedly want a twenty percent reduction in the wages and benefits package. Winery owners say the union has to recognize that overall costs have increased.
“Not only is your gross down; the competition has forced us to, increase marketing and advertising, which is further eroding whatever margin was there.”
David Spaulding is general manager of a winery in Calistoga. Spaulding Vineyards is tiny compared to Charles Krug* and Gallo, and Spaulding Vineyards is not on strike, but David Spaulding says he faces the same market forces as the big guys.
“I think the big problem is the same problem that faces agriculture all over this country; and that is surplus. You know we are producing more and producing it more efficiently, and we have a production that exceeds the demand in the market.”
Spaulding says wine coolers have taken up some of the over-production, but not all of it. As for the union leaders, they don't think it's a good idea to give back wages and benefits when the demand for the product is on the increase. Winery workers are voting all this week on the wages and benefits cuts proposed by management. Jerry Davis is an official of the union.
“From the people I talked to today and what the negotiating committee is stating, we ask a NO vote on this proposal.”
The results are expected to be known by Thursday. For National Public Radio, I'm William Drummond reporting.
第三节 特别报道 加州葡萄酒厂工人罢工
本周，加州葡萄酒工人对酒厂业主的合同提案进行投票表决。至今为止工人们的罢工已经 6 周了。该合同提案建议削减工资和降低福利。其前景对基层人士来说通过的可能很渺茫。罢工的核心议题就是加州葡萄酒业的经济福利。威廉姆卓穆恩德报道。
无盖货车装载着成吨的刚采摘的霞多丽葡萄倒入一个料斗， 1986 年产葡萄酒的装瓶作业开始了。收获工作仍在进行，尽管有超过 2000 名加州北部和中部的 20 多个最大的酒厂的工人在罢工。依靠自动化工厂和非工会劳工，酒业厂主协会的会员们成功地运作着，业务在照常进行。但在警戒线之外，工会工人帕特斯考雷看上去不那么高兴
“我猜他们干得不错，如果他们不行的话，他们也会让我们以为他们行。这话就我和你说，我希望他们他妈的不行。”
工会的合同七月底到期，正是开始收获的时候，通常是葡萄酒厂需要他们出力帮助的时候。但许多像查理斯克鲁格葡萄酒厂这样的厂家已经完全自动化了。厂主彼得蒙达维说，罢工没有对产品生产有影响。
“我觉得我们可以无限期地做下去，因为有很多人希望工作。而唯一的问题是要培训这些人，当然了要根据我们现有的系统，计算机化程度非常好，经过必要的他们可以适应的培训之后，他们就可以适应了。所以，我意思是说我们根本不在乎。”
其实，数天前纳帕谷的倾盆大雨似乎比罢工更令厂主们不安。蒙达维每年大约生产有查尔斯克鲁格标签的高档系列，中档系列和壶装葡萄酒 100 万箱。蒙达维表示，由于从欧洲进口的廉价葡萄酒，该行业在过去几年受到冲击。尽管今天美国人喝葡萄酒时大多取决于葡萄酒冷藏柜，葡萄酒生产商说冷藏柜没有多少好处，他们还是会投入资金。
“我感觉这个行业已经到了他的最低点而且开始上升了。当然这种上升并非过夜就能看出来的，这是一种逐步发展中的良性上升趋势。但我还不能说会有较大的利润，因为利润是非常非常有限的。数量是存在的，这是事实，但利润是非常非常有限的。”
蒙达维的边际利润的争论没有在罢工工人中间赢得多少支持，像在克里斯提安兄弟的瓶装厂工作的汉纳斯托克顿。
“我不相信，因为我每天都看报纸，我也听新闻。我意思是说，销售量已经增长了，我意思是说 … 我相信 3 － 4 年前，我们这个行业不景气。但酒已经回来了。现在他们一起推出了冷藏柜；他们赚到钱了，我们不想加薪，我们只希望保住我们已有的（权益）。”
制酒行业领域的工人工资是每小时 8 － 15 美元。工会有愿望接受工资上的稍许的削减，但拒绝接受养老金和健康福利的削减。雇主们据说是希望在工资和福利组合上削减 20 ％。酒厂厂主说工会不得不承认整套成本已经提高了。
“不仅是你的总体下降了，竞争迫使你扩大市场和广告，这些也都在消耗着微薄利润。”
大卫斯鲍尔丁是加里斯托加酒厂的总经理。斯鲍尔丁葡萄园牌比起查理斯库格牌和嘉罗牌是小品牌。但斯鲍尔丁葡萄园没有罢工，但大卫斯鲍尔丁说，他和大家伙们面对的是同样的市场压力。
“我想这个大问题是全国的农业行业面对的相同的问题；那就是盈余。你知道我们生产得越多，生产的效率越高，我们的产出就会超出市场的需求。”
斯鲍尔丁说冷藏柜已经消除了一些过剩产量，但并不是全部。对工会领导人来说，他们认为当产品需求量增加的时候，以工资和福利待遇作为回报不是个好主意。酒厂工人在整个这一周就管理方提出的工资和福利的削减问题进行投票。杰瑞戴维斯是位工会的官员说。
“从今天和我交谈的人们，和谈判委员会的说明来看，我们会对这个提案投反对票。”
结果希望在星期四揭晓。全国公共广播电台，我是威廉姆卓穆恩德的报道
Sign at the entrance to the Charles Krug winery in Napa , CA . This was the first winery to open in Napa Valley way back in 1861. It is owned by Peter Mondavi, brother to Robert Mondavi. 
Wine Cooler
* 原文之误已纠正——野鹤注
