来源: 闽姑 谢谢！！
在加拿大可以买有NPN 标识的产品。厂家在申请NPN 的时候必须提供很多的检验结果，包括有效成分和各类残留，而且为了保持NPN有效也必须每年提供至少一批产品的检验结果，当然检验结果必须和Label一致。理论上在加拿大任何药店卖的草药或维生素都必须有NPN标识。
What’s in Those Supplements?
Target's “Up and Up” brand of St. Johns Wort and Valerian root contained none of those ingredients.
Credit Yana Paskova for The New York Times
The New York State attorney general’s office accused four national retailers on Monday of selling dietary supplements that were fraudulent and in many cases contaminated with unlisted ingredients.
The authorities said they had run tests on popular store brands of herbal supplements at the retailers — Walmart, Walgreens, Target and GNC — which showed that roughly four out of five of the products contained none of the herbs listed on their labels. In many cases, the authorities said, the supplements contained little more than cheap fillers like rice and house plants, or substances that could be hazardous to people with food allergies.（官方表示：多数情况下这些补充剂里除了填塞了些诸如大米以及常见室内植物之类的廉价成分之外，并没有太多真材实料。有些甚至还含有对食物过敏者可能有害的物质。）
At GNC, for example, the agency found that five out of six samples from the company’s signature “Herbal Plus” brand of supplements “were either unrecognizable or a substance other than what they claimed to be.” In pills labeled ginkgo biloba, the agency found only rice, asparagus and spruce, an ornamental plant commonly used for Christmas decorations.
At Target, the agency tested six herbal products from its popular “Up and Up” store brand of supplements. Three out of six – including ginkgo biloba, St. John’s wort and valerian root, a sleep aid – tested negative for the herbs listed on their labels. But the agency did find that the pills contained powdered rice, beans, peas and wild carrots.
Here are the products that were analyzed by the attorney general, along with the test results that were described in cease-and-desist letters that the agency sent to the four retailers.
From GNC, Herbal Plus brand:
Gingko Biloba（银杏叶）
- No gingko biloba found （未发现银杏叶）
- Did detect allium (garlic), rice, spruce and asparagus（检测到大蒜、大米、云杉和芦笋等成分）
St. John’s Wort （圣约翰草）
- No St. John’s Wort found（未发现圣约翰草）
- Did detect allium (garlic), rice and dracaena (a tropical houseplant)（检测到大蒜、大米和龙血树属植物（一种热带室内植物））
Ginseng（人参）
- No ginseng found（未发现人参）
- Did detect rice, dracaena, pine, wheat/grass and citrus（检测到大米、龙血树属植物、松、小麦/草和柑橘）
Garlic（大蒜）
- Contained garlic（含有大蒜）
Echinacea（紫锥菊）
- No echinacea found（未发现紫锥菊）
- Did detect rice in some samples（在一些样品中检测到大米）
Saw Palmetto（锯棕榈）
- One sample contained the clear presence of palmetto（一份样品中明确含有锯棕榈）
- Other samples contained a variety of ingredients, including asparagus, rice and primrose（其它样品含有多种成分、包括芦笋、大米和月见草）
From Target, Up & Up brand
Gingko Biloba
- No gingko biloba found
- Found garlic, rice and mung/French bean
St. John’s Wort
- No St. John’s Wort found
- Found garlic, rice and dracaena (houseplant)
Garlic
- Contained garlic
- One test identified no DNA
Echinacea
- Most but not all tests detected Echinacea
- One test identified rice
Saw Palmetto
- Most tests detected saw palmetto
- Some tests found no plant DNA
Valerian Root
- No valerian root found
- Found allium, bean, asparagus, pea family, rice, wild carrot and saw palmetto
From Walgreens, Finest Nutrition brand
Gingko Biloba
- No gingko biloba found
- Did detect rice
St. John’s Wort
- No St. John’s Wort found
- Detected garlic, rice and dracaena
Ginseng
- No ginseng found
- Detected garlic and rice
Garlic
- No garlic found
- Detected palm, dracaena, wheat and rice
Echinacea
- No echinacea found
- Identified garlic, rice and daisy
Saw Palmetto
- Contained saw palmetto
From Walmart, Spring Valley brand
Gingko Biloba
- No gingko biloba found
- Found rice, dracaena, mustard, wheat and radish
St. John’s Wort
- No St. John’s Wort found
- Detected garlic, rice and cassava
Ginseng
- No ginseng found
- Found rice, dracaena, pine, wheat/grass and citrus
Garlic
- One sample showed small amounts of garlic
- Found rice, pine, palm, dracaena and wheat
Echinacea
- No echinacea or plant material found
Saw Palmetto
- Some samples contained small amounts of saw palmetto
- Also found garlic and rice
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/sidebar-whats-in-those-supplements/?action=click&contentCollection=Science&module=MostEmailed&version=Full®ion=Marginalia&src=me&pgtype=article&_r=0
