英文里的完成时
话说昨天给大家讲进行时时,本来已经讲完了,突然冒出一访客说俺还露了一个进行时,那就是当你想客气的时候,你会婉转地(故作深沉)把问题变成一个过去现在时的从句。她说:I was wondering if you could do me a favor. 一看就是高手,既然是高手:I was wondering why she was not offering her own English lessons. 这里呀,其实是故作深沉,完全是多余的,因为你完全可以说: Could you please do me a favor? 哈哈,调侃她一下了,这个小朋友在我这里来表现还是很好的,今后呀我还有很多英文问题请教她,我觉得她的英文很棒,应该是《外语系的女生们》中的一位!
好了,言归正传,今天要给大家讲讲完成式。中国人也有完成时,
比如:我已经做完作业了。我已经打电话给她了。一个简单的“已经”就搞定,真佩服中文。英文也有自己的“已经”,就是Already。但英国人就是啰嗦,犹豫不决,already后还没有already。还要变动词。怎么变呢? 在过去时的基础上变。因为完成时是建立在过去时的基础上的。过去时是将动词后面加ed, 那么完成时在这个基础上加have,就是have (has) + 动词ed.
我已经打电话给她了 - I have already called her. (老实巴交的动词)。
趁机复习一下其它时态:
现代时:I call her.
过去时:I called her.
将来时: I will call her.
现代进行时:I am calling her.
过去进行时:I was calling her.
将来进行时:I will be calling her.
我已经做完作业了 - I have already done my homework. (搞特殊化的动词)
现代时:I do my homework.
过去时:I did my homework.
将来时: I will do my homework.
现代进行时:I am doing my homework.
过去进行时:I was doing my homework.
将来进行时:I will be doing my homework.
上面讲到的完成时是现在完成的,还有两种完成时:
过去完成时: I had already called her when you came to my house yesterday. 昨天你到我家时我已经打了电话给她。
将来完成时: I will have already called her by the time you (will) come to my house tomorrow. 明天你到我家时我会已经给她打完电话。
复杂吧。不要急,慢慢来。上次我讲到大家精看精听时要看懂文章的两个方面,即语文意思和语法结构,就是要你每次精看精听一篇文章要找出其中的语法想象,比如今天讲到的完成时,和以前讲到的其它时态语态。一起去看看这周的那篇文章,找找完成时:
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/stories/coming-back
Once there had been a river running through the middle of the forest, but now there was just a dry ditch.
You have always been a lot more adventurous than me.
两个完成时的句子,都是bee引出的表语,这个时候把be当动词变就是了。
完了吧,不一定呀。等那个牡丹花女来了同意了才能下课。今天奖励你的小Cookie:
Patient: Doctor, I think that I've been bitten by a vampire.
Doctor: Drink this glass of water.
Patient: Will it make me better?
Doctor: No, but I'll be able to see if your neck leaks.
这个里面呀,有个完成时,但是是个被动式的完成时,这个时候就要把被动式带进来,再把其中的be进行改变, 本来是:
I am (or was) bitten by a vampire. 变: I've been bitten by a vampire.