《更多的诗歌》:2: 当以色列人逃出埃及

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《更多的诗歌》

II

第二首

当以色列人逃出埃及

When Israel out of Egypt Came

 

英国   A. E. 豪斯曼原著

Alfred Edward Housman (1859 – 1936)

徐家祯翻译

 

When Israel out of Egypt came

        Safe in the sea they trod;

By day in cloud, by night in flame,

        Went on before them God.

 

He brought them with a stretched out hand

        Dry-footed through the foam,

Past sword and famine, rock and sand,

        Lust and rebellion, home.

 

I never over Horeb heard

        The blast of advent blow;

No fire-faced prophet brought me word

        Which way behoved me go.

 

Ascended is the cloudy flame,

        The mount of thunder dumb;

The tokens that to Israel came,

        To me they have not come.

 

I see the country far away

        Where I shall never stand;

The heart goes where no footstep may

        Into the promised land.

 

[The realm I look upon and die

        Another man will own;

He shall attain the heaven that I

        Perish and have not known.

 

But I will go where they are hid

        That never were begot,

To my inheritance amid

        The nation that is not.

 

When mixed with me the sandstorms drift

        And nerve and thew and brain

Are ashes for the air to lift

        And lightly shower again.]

 

当以色列人逃出埃及,
      安全地走过海洋;
白天有云,夜间有火,
      上帝在前面领航。
他张开手臂为他们指引,
      走过大海却双足仍干,
克服刀剑与饥饿,岩石和沙尘,
   欲望和反叛,到达家园。 
可我在何莱博山上从未听见,
      上帝出现时的烈风呼呼,
也没有火面先知来告诉我,
      最好应该走哪条道路。
火焰的云彩升起,
      轰雷的山岭无声;
为以色列人作出的暗示,
      对我来说却从未产生。
我能远远看见那个国家,
      却永远不能站在那里;
只能心至却不能足到,
      我无法达到应许之地。

[我只能望见这个王国,然后死去,

那是属于另一个人的地方;

他可以到达天堂,而我

     只能腐朽,却不知还有天堂。
我会去一个隐秘的处所,
      因为这个地方还没诞生,
那是一个不是国家的国土
      我会成为那儿的一部分。
卷起的沙尘暴将会混合
      我的神经、肌肉和大脑,
我的尘灰会被风刮起,


       然后轻轻地像细雨般浮飘。] 

                               二 0 二二年三月二十一日

                               译于澳大利亚刻来佛寺爱闲堂

* 豪斯曼的这首诗是诗集《更多的诗歌》中的第 2 首。

        这首诗最后三节与前面五节是写在同一页手稿上的,豪斯曼的弟弟劳伦斯在编 辑《更多的诗歌》这本诗集时把这三节加在这首诗后,但加了一个方括号做标记,表 示此处存疑。有的豪斯曼研究学者则认为,最后三节是一首独立的诗。但从内容来看, 这两部分是连贯的,所以应该是同一首诗。我觉得,很可能,这是诗人为这首诗构思的另一个结尾。

        这首诗的前面两节写的是《圣经》故事,但是后面却写到了诗人自己。根据 《圣经》,犹太人的领袖摩西带领犹太人逃出埃及。埃及追兵在后面追赶。到了红海, 主让海水往两边退开,形成两堵墙,以色列人就能从海底走过去。等到埃及追兵赶到, 大海合拢,将埃及人淹死。《圣经》还说:主在白天用云,晚上用火,为犹太人指路。 《圣经》还说,在何莱博山上,主出现的时候会有“烈风大作”:

        “Then he said, Go out and take your place on the mountain before the Lord. Then the Lord went by, and mountains were parted by the force of a great wind, and rocks were broken before the Lord; but the Lord was not in the wind. And after the wind there was an earth-shock, but the Lord was not in the earth-shock.” (I Kings 19:11)

        “耶和华说:‘你出来站在山上,在我面前。’那时 耶和华从那里经过,在他面前有烈风大作,崩山碎石, 耶和华却不在风中;风后地震,耶和华却不在其中” (列王传上 19:11)

        《圣经》还说,为什么主不让摩西和他哥哥“进入”主赐给犹太人的“应许之地” —— 也就是现在以色列、巴勒斯坦和黎巴嫩三国的领地:

        “Take the staff, and you and your brother Aaron gather the assembly together. Speak to that rock before their eyes and it will pour out its water. You will bring water out of the rock for the community so they and their livestock can drink.” So Moses took the staff from the Lord’s presence, just as he commanded him. He and Aaron gathered the assembly together in front of the rock and Moses said to them, “Listen, you rebels, must we bring you water out of this rock?” Then Moses raised his arm and struck the rock twice with his staff. Water gushed out, and the community and their livestock drank. But the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not trust in me enough to honor me as holy in the sight of the Israelites, you will not bring this community into the land I give them.” (Numbers 20:8-12)

        “你要拿着杖,和你的哥哥亚伦聚集会众,在他们 眼前,吩咐磐石;这样你就可以使磐石流出水来,给 会众和他们的牲畜喝。” 是,摩西着耶和华吩咐他 的,从耶和华面前拿了杖去。摩西和亚伦聚集了会众 到磐石面前;摩西他们说:“悖逆的人,你们要, 我们为你们使水从磐石中流出来吗?” 摩西手,用杖 击打磐石两,就有多水流出来,会众和他们的牲 畜喝了。耶和华摩西和亚伦说:“为你们不我, 不在以色列人眼前我为圣,所以你们领这会 众进入我赐给他们的地。” (民数记 20:8-12)

        在诗的第三节,诗人说:主给以色列人的上,他都没到,甚至都没 有看。所以,诗的第五节说,诗人与摩西一样,也“能远远那个国,却永 远不能站在那里;心至却不能到,我无法达到应许之地。”

        最后三节,诗人说,为他不相信有一个天,所以死后无法去那个地方。他 要去的是“一个不是国的国”,还“诞生”的地方 —— 也就是死的王国。他的 肉体尘灰后“轻轻像细雨般浮飘。”也就是死后又回归大自,成了自然 世界的一部分。最后一节诗的意境甚美

节,四句节一双句押韵
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