中国为何能够迅速崛起？听听马丁·雅克教授是怎么说的
2025年3月28日 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ELEb5O4xCU
自1949年革命以来的75年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。中国刚刚从一场非常惨烈的内战中摆脱部分殖民统治，当时的中国比很多非洲国家都穷。如果你追溯历史，100到150年，中国的一个非凡之处是，在整个时期，它几乎没有增长，每年大约1%。所以我们今天来看看中国非凡的转变，至少有一个衡量标准是国内生产总值按初级购买力计算，中国经济是世界上最大的经济体，它拥有的工业部门可能比任何其他经济体都多，它的生活水平，我的意思是，情况发生了如此非凡的变化中国已经在各种技术领域处于领先地位，这是非常了不起的，中国的变化速度之快，是人类历史上最了不起的经济转型，而这只用了 40 年时间，那么 40 年是什么？40 年是人均寿命的一半，只是一半，我记得我第一次去中国是在 1993 年，那只是一次旅行，是从香港出发的，我当时在公共汽车上颠簸前行，一部分道路是土路，另一部分道路是泥路，你知道，在过去的 100 到 150 年里，这条路上有这么多不同的交通方式，最新的炫酷梅赛德斯奔驰车窗都是黑色的，但大多数都是非常原始的交通方式，目之所及，土地已经被批准开发，虽然是在农村，但那里人口众多，人们忙于自己的事务，他们决心结束贫困的生活，所以中国从落后走向今天所看到的，我想说一个非常重要的观点，那就是与 1949 年或 1978 年相比，今天的中国完全无法辨认，或者中国只是一个完全不同的地方，还是在某种深刻的意义上是同一个中国，我想说的是，中国非凡之处以及为什么它在如此长的历史时期内如此成功，它有过艰难时期，但也有过一些伟大的时期，可能是世界上最先进的文明或世界上最先进的文明之一，中国诞生了一个文明，这是它的模板，实际上一直持续到 19 世纪末，它只是在 19 世纪末，中国开始获得一些民族国家的特征，例如边界，我的意思是，作为一个文明的中国没有边界，即使在今天，我认为中国主要是一个文明国家，其次才是民族国家，这与西方完全不同，西方都是现代西方国家，它们诞生于民族国家，它们是民族国家，它们的行为方式也像民族国家。中国在这方面完全不同，这里要把握的重点是，中国的一些最基本的特征，可能我们大多数人都以某种方式认为是理所当然的，但这些特征实际上是中国文明根源的产物，例如国家与社会的关系、家庭的作用、教育的关键重要性，以及许多其他东西都是个人的概念，个人的概念与西方思考个人的方式非常不同，所有这些实际上都是中国的模板，中国是一个文明模板，贯穿了中国历史的各个不同时期，现在我们处在一个重要的历史节点，中国正在走向现代化，在某些领域，它终于达到了西方的发展水平，它领先于西方的发展水平，如果你去西欧的一些国家，一些小国，特别是中国，你会发现它们处于不同的时代，这在历史上如此重要的原因在于，现代化的故事本质上是一个西方的故事，它始于19世纪上半叶的英国工业革命，直到1945年，现代化和现代性都是西方独有的故事，除了日本，每个国家都是西方的，更重要的是，西方和日本利用现代化来对抗世界其他国家，他们殖民了中国，在殖民过程中，他们故意阻碍了中国的发展，阻止了现代化，所以这些社会本质上陷入了瘫痪和停滞是西方现代化和中国现代化的根本特征，这与西方的心态截然不同，中国现代化看到了自己在世界上与其他发展中国家并驾齐驱的地位，为发展中国家提供了发展的机会。发展中国家开始现代化进程或推进现代化进程，因此，从本质上讲，你可以将中国的现代化视为发展中国家的公共利益，请记住，包括中国在内的发展中国家占世界人口的 80% 到 85%，西方永远记住这一点，西方是人类的一个分支，约占人类的 12%，所以我认为问题是，中国的现代化总体上会是什么样子，我认为这是一个非常有趣的问题，中国现在显然已经就这个问题展开了一场重大辩论，好吧，我已经提出了一个绝对关键的观点，它将与世界建立一种不同的关系，尤其是发展中国家，但它将意味着什么，我认为这是一个很好的问题，一个有趣的问题，它会像西方现代化一样，还是会有所不同，很明显，现在中国正在探索一种非常不同的可能性问一个不同的问题，不是狭隘地追求物质利益，而是相反，它应该以人为本，应该符合人民的利益，应该让人们以不同的方式掌控自己的生活，掌控社会，现在你知道你可以看到整个中国，因此现在正开始一种不同的增长，高速增长时期正在被高质量增长所取代，绿色增长，无碳增长，这些将实体经济与数字经济相结合，这些是现在的关键目标，所以中国在20年后看起来会大不相同，中国现在的样子会大不相同，人们将以完全不同的方式生活，以不同的方式旅行，从事不同类型的工作，所有这些，但我留给你一个想法，中国肯定会非常不同，但实际上下一个中国仍将是中国，因为中国有着数千年的文明，其非凡的历史不仅对中国，而且对整个世界和不同领域都产生了巨大的利益，它给予了如此多的东西，在这个时代，它给予了，在未来，它还会给予更多.
中国为何能够迅速崛起？听听马丁·雅克教授是怎么说的
2025年3月28日 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ELEb5O4xCU
75 years China has changed so much in that period since the revolution in 1949 China was just emerging from partial colonization from a really bitter Civil
War and China was poorer at that moment than quite a few African countries
and if you go back further in history 100 150 years and so an extraordinary feature of China was that over that whole period it barely grew at all it was
about 1% a year so we come to China's extraordinary transformation today by at least one measure that is gross domestic product by primary purchasing
power China's economy is the largest in the world it possesses probably more industrial sectors than any other economy it's living standards well I mean there's been such an extraordinary change in in the situation and China is a significant leader in various Technologies already this is this is remarkable China has changed at the speed of light it's the most remarkable economic
transformation in human history and it is taken just 40 years
now what is 40 years 40 years is half
the average lifetime of a person just
half you know I remember uh my
introduction to China the first time I
went to China was in 1993 uh it was just a sort of tour it
was a tour up from Hong Kong and U uh I
was on this bus we were bumping along
part of the road was made up part of it
was dirt track and so on the road itself
was you know there were so many
different forms of Transport from the
last 100 to 150 years on that road the
latest flashy mercedesbenz with darkened
windows but most of them were just very
primitive forms of transport and as far
as the eye could see the land had been
cleared for development and although it was in the
countryside it was teaming with people
and the people were so going about their
business they were so intent on ending a
life of poverty and so China was moving on from backwardness to
eventually what you see today now there's one really important point I
want to make on this and that is look compared with
1949 or uh 1978 or today China is completely
unrecognizable or is it is China just a totally different
place or is it in some profound way the
same China and I would argue that the
extraordinary thing about China and why
it has been so successful over such a
long period of History it's had bad
times but it's had some great times uh
three or four times probably the most
advanced civilization in the world or
one of one of the most advanced
civilizations in the world China was
born a civilization that's its template and that
lasted actually until the late 1919 century it was only in the late 19th
century that China began to acquire some
of the characteristics of a nation state
for example borders I mean China as a
civilization did not have borders even
today China I would argue is primarily a
civilization State and only secondarily
a nation state this is quite different
from the West the West have all being
modern Western countries born as nation
states and they are nation states they
behave like nation states China is quite
different in relationship to this and
the important Point here to grasp is
some of the most fundamental
characteristics of China which probably
most of us in some way or other take for
granted are really a product of China's
civilizational roots for example
relationship between State and Society
the role of the family the pivotal
importance of education and many other
things are the notion of the individual
the notion of the individual is very
different from the western western way
of thinking about individual all of
these things are actually the template
of China which is a civilizational
template which has lasted all through
these various different eras of China's
history now we are at a major historical point
china is reaching the point of
modernity it is finally arrived at
Western levels of development in some
areas it's ahead of Western levels of
development if you go to countries in
Western Europe some of the small ones
especially China's in a different era
really and the reason why this is
historically so significant is as
follows the story of modernization is
essentially a western story it starts
with the British Industrial Revolution
in the first half of the 19th
century by as late as 1945 modernization and modernity were an
exclusively Western story apart from Japan every country was
Western and what's more the west and Japan used
modernization against the rest of the
world essentially they colonized
including China and in colonizing it they
deliberately held back its development
they prevented mization so essentially
those societies were caught in a
situation of paralysis and stasis that
was a fundamental characteristic of
Western modernization and Chinese
modernization well it is extraordinar
different from the Western
mentality Chinese modernization is sees its role sees its
place in the world alongside other
developing countries to give the
opportunity for de developing countries
to begin the process or Advance along
the process of modernization so essentially Chinese
modernization you can think of as a
public good for the developing world and
remember the developing world including
China accounts for something like 80 85%
of the world's population the West
always remember this the W West is a
splinter of humanity it is about 12% of
humanity so uh the question then I think is well
what uh what is uh Chinese modernization
more generally going to be like and I
think this is a really interesting
question China's Clearly Now launched on
a major debate on this question okay
I've made one absolutely crucial point
it's going to have a different
relationship with the world the
developing world above all but what is
it going to mean in terms of what it's
like and I think this is a great
question a fascinating question is it
going to be like Western modernization
or is it going to be something different
and clearly now China is exploring the
possibility of being uh very different
uh asking a different question not it's
not narrowly for material grain not
narrowly for profit but on the contrary
it's thinking of it it should be people
Centric it should be in people's
interest it should allow people to take
command of their lives and take command
of society in a different kind uh of way
now you know you can see all China
therefore is embarking now on a
different kind of growth the period of
highspeed growth is being replaced by
high quality growth uh uh green growth uh carbon free
growth these uh integrating uh the real
economy uh with the uh digital economy
these are the now the key Target
so China's going to be look so different
in in 20 years time China's going to
look so different what it does now
people will be living in totally
different ways traveling in different
ways doing different kinds of jobs all
the rest of it but I leave you with a
thought sure China will be very
different but actually the next China will still be
China because the extraordinary history
of China that civilization expans of
thousands of years has been
hugely beneficial not just for China but
for the whole world and in different
areas it's given so much and in this era
it's giving and in the future it will
give even more
