我家的天竺葵

经常有刚学种花的朋友问我,什么花好看又好种,我总是推荐天竺葵。天竺葵的英文其实叫Pelargonium,但大部分人都叫它Geraniums: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelargonium

市场上栽培普遍的类型按大类分主要有四类,我家只种了其中多年生的三类,所以在这里只介绍这三类。另外的一类是一年生,没种过,我就不介绍了。天竺葵的特点是花大,生长力強,耐热,抗旱和抗病能力好,但抗冷性较弱。如果你住的地方下雪或有霜冻,那就只能在室内过冬,否则变成了一年生的了。

最常见的是一般性的天竺葵 (Common Garden Geraniums or Zonal Geraniums),有高种和矮种之分,都是直立的。它的特点是花由多朵小花组成花球。高种特常见,能长一米高,花很茂盛,矮种则比较适合raised bed, window boxes, 和盆栽。我以前种过高种,因为我家院子小,所以现在只种了矮种。我觉得如果有地方,高种比矮种好,因为矮种空气不流通,相对容易得铁锈病(Leaf Rust)。

最特别的是長春籐叶天竺葵(Ivy geraniums),跟Ivy一样是爬地的,它的叶子绿绿的,也很象Ivy。 一棵能覆盖1平方米左右,而且花期长,是极好的ground covering, 也特别适合Hanging Baskets。我家种的这两棵是香叶天竺葵,如果你用手摸一下它的叶子,会闻到一种香香的味道。

在zone9以上的地方,上面两种天竺葵都是四季开花。最好看的天竺葵我认为是玛沙华盛顿型天竺葵(Regal geraniums or Martha Washington Geranium),也有高种和矮种之分,都喜欢沿着花台堕下来。它的特点是叶片和茎杆较硬,每朵花通常有二种以上的顏色,花由三几朵小花組成,但不成球状。矮种的叶子和花都只有1cm长,高种的就大多了,叶子大概有5cm长,但高种的在我们这只在春天开花,天气太热,它就不开花了。但我觉得它的花是各类天竺葵里最好看的。

矮种:

高种:

各类天竺葵都很容易通过插枝繁殖。在栽培過程中应注意及時地清理败花和基部烂叶黄叶,这一点非常重要。及時地清理败花有利于其他花茎的不断抽出和防病。另外,长得过长的枝要剪掉。各类天竺葵都要种在全日照的地方,至少也要有半天的光照。

以上只是我的观点和认识,欢迎大家指正和补充。

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