| ?Houttuynia cordata | ||||||||||||||
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| Houttuynia cordata Thunb. |
Cameleon Plant (Houttuynia cordata)
Houttuynia cordata (Chinese: 鱼腥草; pinyin: yúxīng cǎo; literally "fishy-smell herb"), Chinese lizard tail / Dokudami / Edible houttuynia / Fish mint / Fishplant / Fishwort / Heartleaf / Heartleaf houttuynia / Himalayan spinach/ Lizard's tail / Tsi / Vietnamese fish plant / White chaplu / Wildhouttuynia / Yu Xing Cao，the sole species in the genus Houttuynia, is a flowering plant native to Japan, southern China and Southeast Asia, where it inhabits moist, shady places.
It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to between 20 and 80 cm tall. The proximal part of the stem is trailing and produces adventitious roots, while the distal part of the stem grows vertically. The leaves are alternate, broad heart-shaped, 4-9 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. The flowers are greenish-yellow, borne on a terminal spike 2-3 cm long with 4-6 large white basal bracts.
Cultivation and uses
It is grown as a leaf vegetable, particularly in Vietnam, where it is called giấp cá or diếp cáand is used as a fresh herbal garnish. The leaf has an unusual tastethat is often described as fishy, so it is not enjoyed as universallyas basil, mint, or other more commonly used herbs.
It is also used as an herbal medicine. The beverage dokudami cha (Japanese: ドクダミ茶; literally "Houttuynia cordata tea") is an infusion made from Houttuynia cordata leaves, Oolong tea leaves, and Job's Tears.[1] In the southwestern Chinese provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan, adventitious roots are used as a root vegetable. English names include heartleaf and lizardtail.
时间：2005年07月07日
[类 别] 全草类
[药 名] 鱼腥草
[释 名] 鱼腥草原名蕺菜， 揉碎叶子有鱼腥味，但是干燥之后气味芳香，鲜品可以煮来当菜吃。
[拉丁名称] Houttuynia cordata Thuhb.
[别 名] 狗贴耳。
[故 事]唐本草说江左人好生食，我闻过揉碎的鱼腥草叶子，有刺激的鱼腥味，那真是有逐臭之夫喔。会稽赋说凶年民断其根食之，会稽志也说越王曾采蕺于蕺山。可能不大好吃，平常是不当蔬菜上桌的，但是什么收成都没有的时候，就只好将就吃啰。越王不止卧薪尝胆，还亲自采集没有人要吃的菜来吃，宣示作用吧。
[来 源] 本品为三白草科植物蕺菜的干燥全草。
[产 地] 生于沟边、溪旁或林下湿润地。广布于我国黄河流域以南各省区。亚洲东部和东南部均产。
[特 性]蕺菜为多年生草本,高30～50厘米,全株有腥臭味;茎上部直立,常呈紫红色,下部匍匐,节上轮生小根。叶互生,薄纸质,有腺点,背面尤甚,卵形或阔卵形,长4～10厘米,宽2.5～6厘米,基部心形,全缘,背面常紫红色;掌状叶脉5～7条;叶柄长1～3.5厘米,无毛;托叶膜质长1～2.5厘米,下部与叶柄合生成鞘。花小,夏季开,无花被,排成与叶对生、长约2厘米的穗状花序;总苞片4片,生于总花梗之顶,白色,花瓣状,长1～2厘米;雄蕊3枚,花丝长,下部与子房合生;雌蕊由3个合生心皮所组成。蒴果近球形,直径2～3毫米,顶端开裂。
[采收加工] 夏季茎叶茂盛、花穗多时采收。拔取全草,除去杂质,晒干。
[药材性状]本品全长15～40余厘米。茎扁圆柱形,稍扭曲,直径约0.2～0.3厘米,红棕色,有直棱数条,节明显,下部节上有残存须根;质脆,易折断,断面黄棕色,叶互生,叶片常皱卷。展开后心形,长3～7厘米或过之,宽3～6厘米或过之,全缘,上面暗黄绿色至暗红棕色,密生腺点,下面灰绿色或灰棕色,质脆易碎;托叶与叶柄基部合生成鞘状。穗状花序顶生,黄棕色。搓碎有鱼腥气,味微涩。以叶多、色灰绿、有花穗、鱼腥气浓者为佳。
[性味功用] 辛,微寒。归肺经。清热,解毒,利湿,消肿。用于肺脓肿,痰热咳嗽,肾炎水肿,白带,尿路感染,痈疖。常用量15～25克,不宜久煎,外用适量,捣拦敷或煎汤熏洗患处。
[药理作用]
1.抗病原微生物作用，抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、流感杆菌、肺炎双球菌。
2.利尿作用，使毛细血管扩张，增加肾血流量及尿液分泌，所以也用于尿路感染的频尿涩痛。
3.增强免疫系统作用，提高慢性气管炎患者白血球的吞噬作用。
4.抗肿瘤作用，提高癌细胞中的CAMP而抑制艾氏腹水癌。
[一般用量与用法]三钱至一两，煎服。因本品含有挥发油，故不宜久煎。外用适量。
[临床应用]
1.用于肺痈，痰热壅滞，咳吐脓血，以及百日咳等病症。鱼腥草清热解毒的作用颇佳。
2.用于各种实热性的痈毒肿痛等症。可单味煎汤内服，也可捣烂外敷。所以有化妆品采用为主要成份，算是有根有据，理应有效。
[附 注] 本品含鱼腥草素,对流感杆菌、肺炎球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等均有较强的抑制作用。又果含槲皮鼠李甙,有较强的利尿作用。
