如何培养儿童的宽容性格 zt

如何培养儿童的宽容性格


10 ways parents can promote tolerance:

1. Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process; it cannot be captured in a single moment. Be willing to talk about differences and understanding day in and day out. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no subject is taboo.

2. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statement: Andrew just called people of XYZ faith \'lunatics.\' What do you think about that, Zoe? Let children do most of the talking.

3. Challenge intolerance when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: What makes that joke funny, Jerome? Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect -- Mimi uses a walker, honey. How do you think she would feel about that joke? or How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?

4. Support your children when they are the victims of intolerance. Respect children\'s troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Don\'t minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and then brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks to use when children are the victims of name-calling.

5. Foster a healthy understanding of group identities. For tweens and teens, group identity is critical. Remind them, however, that: (a) Pride in our own group does not mandate disrespect for other groups; (b) Our group does not deserve privileges not available to other groups; (c) Other groups have just as much humanity as do ours; and (d) We should avoid putting other groups down as a way to elevate the status of our own group.

6. Showcase diversity materials in your home. Read books with multicultural and tolerance themes to your children. Bookmark equity and diversity Web sites on your home computer. Assess the cultural diversity reflected in your home\'s artwork, music and literature. Add something new. This holiday season, give multicultural dolls, toys or games as gifts.

7. Create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically at how a child defines normal. Expand the definition. Attend religious services at a variety of houses of worship. Visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present -- people of different races/ethnicities, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend time with elders -- grandparents, for example.

8. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children interact with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we are not islands unto ourselves.

9. Be honest about differences. Do not tell children that we are all the same; we\'re not. We experience the world in different ways, and those experiences matter.

10. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your child\'s primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others. For example, how do you handle emotional issues with girls and boys? Do you attempt to distract crying boys but reassure crying girls? Does your voice take on a different tone with one group of people? Remember, you may say, Do as I say, not as I do, but actions really do speak louder than words. In a country, indeed a world of increasing diversity, tolerance isn\'t just a nice quality to have; it\'s an essential one.





促进儿童宽容心的十个步骤：


　　1、探讨宽容。宽容教育是一个渐进的过程，它不可能在短时间内一蹰而就，需要日复一日的探讨人与人之间的客观差异以及人与人之间相互理解的重要性。敞开心怀与孩子们畅谈各种各样的社会问题。让儿童们明白生活中没有什么话题是禁忌，都可以公开讨论。


　　2、恰当区分儿童所接触到的偏激行为。适时指出电影电视节目、电脑游戏及其它媒体塑造的定型人物或者传达的错误信息；理直气壮地面对来自亲朋好友的偏见，千万不要错失良机。如引出一个话题：“郑家富指出人们信仰XYZ是精神不正常的疯子。疯子，佐伊，你怎么看待这个问题？”让孩子畅所欲言。


　　3、恰当面对来自儿童之间的偏激行为。当儿童思想偏激或者崇拜定型人物，面对孩子：“什么事情这么好谈，杰罗母？”引导一些富有同情心且相互尊重的话题适时展开讨论“亲爱的邻居家味咪使用学步车，你认为她是不是挺可爱？”或者“上周罗比取笑你戴眼睛，你感觉如何啊？”


　　4、当儿童成为偏激行为的受害者时全力关心和支持他们，父母亲需正确面对孩子的困境，千万不能漠不关心。主动关爱受伤的孩子并适时进行思想教育。比如小孩灵活恰当地面对侮辱谩骂。


　　5、培养儿童团队归属感。青少年儿童拥有团队归属感十分重要。不时适机地提醒他们：（1）为团队骄傲，不要高高在上，队友间需要相互帮助，而不能自以为是地指责队友。


　　6、家中物品陈列多样化。与儿童共同朗读多元文化或者宽容心主题的优秀书籍；墙壁悬挂书画作品；电脑上面收藏各种相关网址；讨论家中不同文化背景的艺术作品，音乐作品及文学作品的意义。假期，给孩子选购一些多元文化背景的礼物如布娃娃、玩具及电脑游戏等。


　　7、创造机会，让儿童与多种性格的人打交道。用批评的态度衡量“正常”儿童，放宽尺度，如参加宗教活动，观看来自不同种族、不同民族、不同家庭背景的儿童的体育比赛，鼓励孩子与老人如爷爷、奶奶共度时光等等。


　　8、鼓励小孩参与社区活动，让孩子关注世界饥饿问题并志愿服务于当地的福利院，这有助于提高儿童的认识：人类生存并非孤立无援而是同舟共济，相互协作。


　　9、实事求是地对待人世间的差别。不要告诉孩子我们完全相同，我们绝对与众不同。我们生活中的不同经历，就是我们人生最珍贵的财富。


　　10、父母亲言传身教，以身作则。为人父母是儿童们主要模仿的榜样，与父母亲的为人处世密不可分。比如，你是怎样处理儿童们的不同情绪的？你是否试图分散豪啕大哭男孩子的注意力而安慰哭泣的女孩使她们心情舒畅呢？你是否对小组成员阴奉阳违呢？记住，你可能会说：“按照我说的去做，而不是我去做”，因此行胜于言。世界日益多元化，宽容不仅仅是人们的一种良好品质，它更是人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。