习主席访美的话题——人民币美元

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习主席访美的话题——人民币美元

美联储昨天的决定不加息。根据美联储的声明,最重要一层的原因是美国的出口的疲软,次一层的理由是就业率还没到达最高点以及通货膨胀还在低位(见下面附件来自美联储声明的第一段)。这是非常经济学的语言,论述的非常清楚明了。

但在美联储主席Yellon女士的新闻发布会上,Yellon主席还道出了一些美联储官方声明中没有谈到的问题——中国问题。Yellon将来自中国的问题很有技巧地归在压低美国“通货膨胀”上,而不是在出口疲软上;更值得寻味的是将其定在“短期”上,而非长期上。在对美国的政策影响上,Yellon用了一个几乎中性,但稍稍偏负的词“restrain”(限制)。其原文翻成中文是“这些事在一定程度上限制了美国的操作。”

美联储在中国央行将人民币贬值以后,第一次官方的承认,人民币的下行,挤压了美元加息的空间。但“希望”这是一个短期的行为。中国央行会否持续不断的贬值人民币,会取决于习奥会谈。所以美联储在习主席访美之前的这个决定,是美联储送给习主席的最大的礼物。

但Yellon也在新闻发布会上,也为美联储今后的升息埋下了伏笔。美国这次是“被合作”。下一次能否还要“合作”,就要看这次习奥会。习主席会用什么方法来把这一问题,提高到中美两国最重要的战略问题,让美国认识到美国必须和中国在经济上形成人民币美元的结构(不只是简单的挂钩,以后撰文)。

最后,作者要说,打铁还的自生硬。从美联储的历史看,技术上,一旦升息开始,美联储常常是一连几个季度连续的升息。人民币这次逃过一劫,下一次很可能会是持续不断的压力。如果中国央行在一方面在国际上力推人民币国际化,在国内引导人民币进入正确的方向(包括人民币回笼,贬值,鼓励长线投资,和进入非流通领域),从而达到提前减压人民币的目的。当美元的升息不是“载舟”而是会“覆舟”之时,美联储又会三思而后行。希望美联储还会用“These developments may also restrain U.S. activities somewhat”来结束其声明。

 

附:

From Federal Reserve Statement on Sept. 17th 2015: Household spending and business fixed investment have been increasing moderately, and the housing sector has improved further; however, net exports have been soft. The labor market continued to improve, with solid job gains and declining unemployment. On balance, labor market indicators show that underutilization of labor resources has diminished since early this year. Inflation has continued to run below the Committee's longer-run objective, partly reflecting declines in energy prices and in prices of non-energy imports. Market-based measures of inflation compensation moved lower; survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations have remained stable.

 

From Transcript of Janet Yellon’s News Conference on Sept. 17th, 2015: Where we still expect that the downward pressure on inflation from these factors will fade over time, recent global economic and financial developments are likely to put further downward pressure on inflation in the near term. These developments may also restrain U.S. activities somewhat. But have not led at this point to a significant change in the committee's outlook for the U.S. economy.

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