趁着圣诞节长周末和几乎连在一起新年,把拖了不能再拖的最大的工程换离合器给做了。离合器有问题的现象就是是不能加太大的油,否则,离合器就空转打滑。
先声明,以前我并不是自己修车, 都是送车行修理。但经过几次被修车的经历,遂决定自己干。
我的Corolla 让车行换机油。车行忘记把油盖装上。我开了几英里后,发现车前盖有烟雾冒出, 停车靠边后,打开车盖,油烟喷薄而出, 整个车全部浸在机油里。车被拖回车行。跟车行交涉了多时,车行只给做“steam cleaning”和更换曝露在外的皮带。拿回车前检查,各处确实都洗干净了。但没过多久, 全车又都渗出机油。整个车沉浸在一层厚厚的油泥当中。永远无法清理干净。
于是决定自己换机油,但我发现我的Corolla 上的oil filter根本无法卸下来,我不知那是用了多大的力矩上上去的。只好用长钳把它夹扁,才卸下来。
另一新辆车Camry, 买车时买了service pack, 一直由dealer维护。service pack期满后自己rotate tires.发现按spec的力矩卸轮胎,根本卸不下来。只好用brake bar和一米多长的 cheater bar,才把轮胎卸下来。
想想看, 我们的车,多数的情形不是开坏的, 是被修坏的。
当然,自己修车,每修一次,你就会有一次成就感。你也会对你的车加深一次了解。哪里有一点不对,也会更好的判断。
就像穷则思变 说的,每次打开 HOOD,一种亲切感就油然而生,好象看着自己的内脏。一切那么熟悉,这个是不是该换了,那个是不是该修了。
我们都是怀旧念旧的人,也是一个懂得感恩的人, 看到有的很新的车抛锚在路边,而我的看着旧旧的车一轰而过,那种感觉是满足和自豪。
扯远了。回归主题。
想先把心得,走的弯路,说一下。
1) 做这样的project, 一定要有此车的service manual。基本的修车步骤,各处的力矩就心中有底了。
2) 事先要多看相关的youtube. 看人家是怎么干的。哪怕跟你的车不一样,也看看无妨。你的动手能力,随着你观摩别人的修车技巧和手法会有长进的。你甚至还能看出别人那里做错了。你如何不犯同样的错误。
3) 事先用ATF fluid 浸润exhaust上所有螺栓和螺母一晚,卸下就易如反掌。比WD40好用多了。卸下的螺栓和螺母还可以再用。我唯一错过了一个藏在manifold后边的螺母,头天晚上没看到。在卸下前才看到,马上用ATF fluid 浸润两三个小时,但卸下时还是把螺母卸秃了。
4) 新近从Harbor Freight买的两个工具给此次修车很大的帮助。
a) 1/2 in. Heavy Duty Electric Impact Wrench, 力大,卸manifold,exhaust, wheel nut , Ball stud bolt and nut, drive shaft nut 帮助极大。http://www.harborfreight.com/12-in-heavy-duty-electric-impact-wrench-68099.html
b) 3/8 in. Drive Speed Socket Wrench,扭力150LB, 后边的那个T-handle 太给力了。
在狭小的空间那真的是无价之宝呀。http://www.harborfreight.com/3-8-eighth-inch-drive-speed-socket-wrench-4434.html
另外一个3/8 in. Drive socket wrench 卸下螺丝时一用力, 就坏了。
5) 因为这个工程复杂, 耗时长, 在拆下部件时一定要记得照相,每一个部分都照, “before and after”。久了,还真的 记不清是如何卸下的了。我就吃了这个亏。有两颗螺丝说什么 也想不起是从那里卸下的了。冥思苦想多日,反复查找, 才装回去的。当然,在拆的时候,手是脏的,照相颇不方便。心里也是急的,想着拆了一个就接着拆下一个。千万不要想省事,装回去想不起来怎样卸下来的才耽误时间呢。就是装回去了,心里也嘀咕是不是装对了。那才折磨人呢。
6) 卸下的部件最好一部分一部分的分开放好, 螺丝螺杆能拧回原处的尽量拧回原处。不能拧回原处的,用小袋子装好,写上字注明出处。
7)无论拆卸还是装回,一定不要心急,做对了比做快更重要。做错了,反而耽误时间。拆卸时可用电动工具,回装时要用手动工具,用对的力矩紧固。
8)一定要用common sense,不要想当然。比如engine mounting LH NO.1 bracket 的螺母力矩在service manual 哪里都找不到。但看到 Engine rear mounting bracket
bolts的力矩列出是36.5 lb-ft。就照着这个力矩去上,结果就把这个螺杆上断了。其实我的common sense告诉我,不应该上这么大的力,鬼使神差,就这样想当然去上,马上出错了。就是把下面的这个图和照片里的一个螺杆上断了。网上去买这个engine mount 都买不到。好在这个engine mount的螺杆是铆钉式的,把旧的锯掉,在原地钻了个洞,换了一个螺杆上去,解决了问题。
8) 一开始就把车架的要够高,最好用四个jack stand 把车架平。这样在车下动起来有足够的空间, 回灌transmission fluid 时也不用担心车身不平,灌不满。transmission 卸下下来,也很容易的移出来。其实,直到整个工程做完前,车都不用下架。
9) 细心很重要。两个弯路,每次都耽误了一天。认真的总结,都是不细心的结果。
a) 第一天已经基本拆到transmission了。第二天信心满满,认为只要两三个小时就可以把transmission卸下来。谁知 最上边的那颗螺栓很长,出来正好和冷却液的硬铁管碰在一起。无论如何那螺栓是拿下不来的。心里一直骂日本人,设计个冷却液硬铁管也不把弯弄大些,难道你每次卸下transmission都要把冷却液硬铁管先卸下不成?那硬铁管可是装在发动机的后面, intake manifold 的底下。intake manifold 都要拿下来那可是另一个大工程了。人 心急的时候,智力就低,观察就不仔细。直觉就占了上风。觉得必是要把硬铁管上翘起,那颗螺栓也就下来了。也主观的认为,那硬铁管另端一定是用橡胶密封圈密 封的,可以转动硬铁管,不会泄露。可是那铁管硬是转不动。还好没有蛮干,用蛮力。就这样,一天过去了,也没卸下transmission。晚上休息的时候,是脑子最清醒的理智状态。理智告诉我那颗螺栓一定有机巧。第二天爬起来仔细一看,果然,那颗螺栓靠近发动机的螺孔套着那该死的guide pin. 以前看YouTube人人都说guide pin. 到现在我也只卸下一个guide pin。 咋就忘了查找guide pin。guide pin一移动,螺栓就下来了。Transmission不扶着,就要倒下了。欢快的倒下了。
b)往飞轮上回装input shaft bearing, 有照片对应看,总觉的input shaft bearing有几毫米没有完全入位。用socket 和榔头砸了又砸。就是不往里去了。所以觉得应该这样吧。回装Transmission时,Transmission和发动机就是不能合缝。用上螺栓紧固都没有办法合缝。来回摇动Transmission多时,都不见效果。几乎一天就这样又快过去了。所以决定收工, 好好思考。结论是input shaft bearing也许有公差, 与飞轮的凹槽后部的公差正好不匹配。要卸下input shaft bearing, 手工打磨后重上。往回装input shaft bearing的时候,忽然看见那排列整齐的六颗螺母内角尖有一点点击打的痕迹。那是我用的socket稍稍大一点,留下的。换了一个小一点的,只稍稍敲打,input shaft bearing完全进入。这个教训太深刻了。再次的仔细让我有了一得。那个让我卸不下Transmission 的guide pin, 在卸下的过程中的种种折腾,有些变形。用肉眼是很难发现的。但用手往发动机那边或者Transmission这边推入,都不能完全进入。Transmission和发动机不能合缝是有两个culprits, 不是一个. 去auto zone, Napa 买这个guide pin, 对不起,没卖的。我们就是DIY, 套上螺杆轻轻敲,手工磨。终于guide pin两边都能进入,没有间隙。这次再上Transmission严丝合缝, 一次成功。祝贺自己一下。
看图说话:
拆卸前, driver side drive shaft
飞轮后面的护罩。两颗螺丝固定。 必须先卸下这个护罩, transmission 才能以发动机分离。
刚刚卸下的transmission。充满污垢。
彻底清理tranmission 的污垢。
清理干净, 换好 clutch release bearing, 抹上grease后的transmission.
上grease 的近照,不能多,要刚刚好。clutch release bearing 千万不能沾到grease.
尚未卸下的旧的pressure plate.
近看pressure plate的磨损变形情况
新旧clutch disk 对比
新换的input shaft bearing, 看到那六个螺丝顶内角的砸痕了么?仔细看。
打磨过的飞轮, 事实证明,这样状态的飞轮,一点问题都没有。
这是新装好的离合器。记得一定要干净,不得有任何的油污。用很多的brake cleaner 清洗。
拆开的排气管,gear shift control shaft 和extension rod
附修改过的transmission 和clutch 部分的拆卸和复装service manual
DISMOUNTING OF TRANSMISSION
UNDER HOOD
1) Disconnect battery ground cable.
2) Remove clutch cable joint nut, joint pin from cable and then cable itself from bracket.
3) Undo wiring harness clamps and couplers.
4) Remove transmission fastening bolts.
5) Remove starter taking out its 2 bolts. Starting motor plate should also come down.
6) Remove exhaust manifold cover.
7) Remove exhausts No.1 pipe nuts.
ON LIFT
1) Drain transmission oil.
2) Remove engine under cover of left side.
3) Remove exhaust No.1 pipe.
4) Remove gear shift control shaft bolt and nut, then detach control shaft from gear shift shaft.
5) Remove extension rod nut and then pull out rod with washers.
6) Remove clutch housing lower plate.
Disconnect stabilizer joint from suspension arm.
7) Remove ball stud bolt from right and left knuckles, then disconnect each suspension arm.
8) By using large size screwdrivers, pull out drive shaft joints at differential side so as to release snap ring fitting of joint. (For LH drive shaft).
9) Remove center bearing support bolts and pull out center drive shaft from differential gear. (For RH drive shaft).
10) Remove transmission stiffener.
11) Remove transmission to engine bolt and nut.
12) Remove engine rear mounting bracket bolts.
13) Lower vehicle and support transmission with transmission jack.
(the manual missing 14))
15) Remove engine mounting LH No.1 bracket.
16) Remove other attached parts from transmission, if any.
17) Pull transmission out so as to disconnect input shaft from clutch disc and then lower it.
VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR (VSS, SPEEDOMETER DRIVEN GEAR) REMOVAL
1) Disconnect negative cable at battery.
2) Disconnect VSS coupler.
3) Remove VSS.
VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR INSTALLATION
1) Check O-ring and VSS surface for their flawlessness, apply oil to O-ring and driven gear and then install VSS to transmission.
Tightening Torque (a): 5.5 N·m (0.55 kg-m, 4.0 lb-ft)
2) Connect VSS coupler.
3) Connect negative cable at battery.
TRANSMISSION REMOUNTING
For remounting, reverse dismounting procedure.
Use specified torque as given below.
NOTE:
Apply grease to gear shift control shaft bushes, however, DO NOT lubricate extension rod bush.
CAUTION:
_ Care should be taken not to scratch oil seal lip with drive shaft while raising transmission.
_ Do not hit drive shaft joint with hammer when installing it into differential gear.
_ Push in left side drive shaft joint fully so as to snap ring of shaft engages with differential gear.
_ Set each clamp for wiring securely.
_ After connecting clutch cable, be sure to adjust its play properly (Refer to p. 7C-4 for free travel of clutch pedal).
Pedal play “a”: 15 – 20 mm (0.6 – 0.8 in.) Arm play “a” (Reference): 0 – 2 mm (0 – 0.08 in.)
_ Fill transmission with oil as specified.
_ Connect battery and check function of engine, clutch and transmission
CLUTCH (CABLE TYPE) UNIT REPAIR OVERHAUL
CLUTCH COVER, CLUTCH DISC AND FLYWHEEL
CLUTCH REMOVAL
1) Hold flywheel stationary with special tool and remove clutch cover bolts, clutch cover and clutch disc.
Special Tool (A): 09924-17810
2) Pull out input shaft bearing by using special tool and wrench.
Special Tool (B): 09917-58010
CLUTCH INSTALLATION
NOTE:
Before assembling, make sure that flywheel surface and pressure plate surface have been cleaned and dried thoroughly.
1) Install flywheel to crankshaft and tighten bolts to specification.
Special Tool (A): 09924-17810
Tightening Torque: (a): 78 N·m (7.8 kg-m, 56.5 lb-ft)
2) Using special tool, install input shaft bearing to flywheel.
Special Tool (B): 09925-98210
3) Aligning clutch disc with flywheel center by using special tool, install clutch cover and bolts.
Then tighten bolts to specification.
NOTE:
_ While tightening clutch cover bolts, compress clutch disc with special tool (clutch center guide) by hand so that disc is centered.
_ Tighten cover bolts little by little evenly in diagonal order.
Special Tool
(A): 09924-17810 (C): 09923-36330
Tightening Torque
(b): 23 N·m (2.3 kg-m, 17.0 lb-ft)
4) Slightly apply grease to input shaft, then join transmission assembly with engine. Refer to p. 7A-15 for remounting procedure.
“A”: SUZUKI SUPER GREASE _, 99000-25210
NOTE:
Turn crankshaft a little through flywheel gear while inserting transmission input shaft to clutch disc until splines mesh.
CLUTCH RELEASE SYSTEM REMOVAL
1) Remove release arm by loosening its bolt.
2) Take out release bearing by turning release shaft.
3) Unhook return spring by using pliers.
4) Drive out No.2 bush by using special tool and hammer. Release shaft seal will also be pushed out.
Special Tool: (A): 09922-46010
5) Remove release shaft.
6) Remove release shaft No.1 bush.
7) Leaving tap in No. 1 bush, screw in joint pipe over tap, join sliding shaft with joint pipe, and then drive out bush.
Special Tool: (B): 09923-46020 (C): 09930-30104
CLUTCH RELEASE SYSTEM INSTALLATION
INSPECTION
1) Check clutch release bearing for smooth rotation.
2) Inspect smoothness of release bearing retaining portion of transmission case and correct or replace right case as necessary.
CAUTION: Do not wash release bearing. Washing may cause grease leakage and consequential bearing damage.
INSTALLATION
1) Drive in a new No.1 bush by using adequate drive handle and hammer and then apply grease to bush inside.
Special Tool
(A): 09943-88211, (B): 09923-46020 or the like
“A”: SUZUKI SUPER GREASE A, 99000-25010
2) Install release shaft with return spring applied to it.
3) Apply grease to No.2 bush inside and press-fit it by using the same special tool as in removal.
“A”: SUZUKI SUPER GREASE A
Special Tool: (C): 09922-46010
4) Coat grease to shaft seal and then install it till it is flush with case surface. Use special tool for this installation and face seal lip downward (inside).
“A”: SUZUKI SUPER GREASE A
Special Tool: (D): 09925-98221
5) Caulk seal at A by using caulking tool and hammer.
6) Hook return spring.
7) Apply grease to release bearing inside and release shaft arm, then set bearing.
“A”: SUZUKI SUPER GREASE A, 99000-25010
8) Apply small amount of grease to input shaft spline and front end as well.
“B”: SUZUKI SUPER GREASE _, 99000-25210
9) Set release arm to release shaft aligning their punch marks, then tighten bolt.
Tightening Torque: (a): 23 N·m (2.3 kg-m, 17.0 lb-ft)
10) If clutch cable bracket has been removed or replaced, install it with 2 bolts.
Tightening Torque: (b): 23 N·m (2.3 kg-m, 17.0 lb-ft)