中国大幅减持美债,外汇流失压力增大

据最近美联储公布的8月美债持有量分布数据,中国8月份减持美债337亿美元,是2013年以来最大幅度减持。8月中国外汇储备下降160亿美元(见《中国外汇储备8月小幅下降,创新低》)。因此8月减持美债显著超出外汇流失。这可能有两个原因,一是可能外汇管理局预料外汇流失压力持续,提前减持,做好充分准备,另一个可能是趁美债收益率偏低,价格偏高,减持套利。8月份美债十年期利率在1.55%左右,虽不是今年最低,但显著低于近日1.75%收益率。从9月外汇流失情况看,8月大幅减持美债是明智之举。

当然货币阴谋论者也许会相信是中国主动出击,打击美国债卷市场,不过多项数据显示,中国外汇流失压力加大。人民币对美元最近显著贬值更是增强资金流出意愿(见《人民币跌至近六年新低》)。更多中国外汇流失数据分析见《再谈中国外汇储备变化和外汇流失》 。

中国持续外汇流失是个不争的事实,这是否到了危险程度哪?一个衡量外汇储备充裕度的指标是外汇储备和广义货币M2之比。图一可见这一比值从08年前后的0.3高值持续下降,今年9月已经低达0.14。从这一角度看,中国外汇充裕度显著下降,因此抵抗资金流出的能力也显著下降。但人民币不是自由兑换货币,政府有很大行政干预空间,必要时可以动用严格外汇管制。近期的德意志银行案子仅仅是轻度干预(见《中国外管局否认限制德意志银行取钱》)。


图一 外汇储备和广义货币M2比值(紫线)


作者:藿香子
时间:2016年10月19日
(版权所有,欢迎转载,请注明出处) 

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