房市如晚霞红火,房价似气温飙升
这两天气温真热啊,虽然已过立秋,但秋老虎裹胁着百度热浪席卷加州大地。图一为硅谷 8/13旁晚天边的晚霞,美女杭英提供图片。 图二为 8/14南加河滨市的气温预报。
图一 硅谷8/13旁晚天边的晚霞
图二 南加河滨市8/14日的气温预报
言归正传,谈谈房市。首先引用一个 Realtor 最新的(2020年 8月)不动产报告。
According to the National Association of Realtors, sales of existing homes jumped nearly 21% in June compared to May (the last months for which we have complete data). This is the largest monthly gain since tracking began in 1968.
Sales of new homes also jumped by 13.8%, the largest one-month increase since 2007.
Much of this reflects pent-up demand from the spring season, which was paused by the coronavirus pandemic. However, it's also a sign of more fundamental changes.
For example, first-time buyers accounted for 35% of all buyers in June. That figure had been as low as 30% in recent months. This could be an indication that, with social distancing restrictions and new work-from-home setups, more folks are realizing the value of owning their own home.
Also helping things are record-low mortgage rates. Several weeks ago, the 30-year fixed mortgage rate fell to an all-time low of 2.87%. That's a full percentage point lower than a year ago.
These low mortgage rates are making homes more affordable; they are also supporting continued price growth.
As a result, June made history: The median price of an existing home sold rose 3.5% annually to the highest price on record.
再看一个售房实例, 该房位于南加东谷市(Eastvale), 开价 $499,000, 收到20个offer, 成交价 $615,000. https://www.redfin.com/CA/Mira-Loma/5517-Cambria-Dr-91752/home/12447882。
如今,支撑房市的有两大因素,第一是刚性需求,第二为贷款利率的下降。前者包含之前提及的 Realtor Report 所指出的那样,恢复性反弹。后者给房产业主带来实质性的利益,由于月供的降低,使他们的支付能力和持有能力大幅提高。图三为房地美三年来房贷利率的调查统计。
图三 房地美三年来房贷利率的调查统计
在当前低利率的情况下,有必要对利率降低造成的影响做定量的分析。先看一下房贷利率对还贷月供的影响,以年利率 %做横坐标,以月供指数做纵坐标,并以房贷利率 2%的月供数作为指数100,得到图四。图中的两条线分别对应于 30年和 15年固定利率的贷款,这两条线几乎近于直线,但差异还是比较大的。更准确地说,斜率相差几乎一倍。对于 30年固定利率来说,利率每下降一个百分点,而月供则下降大约十一个百分点。对于 15年固定利率来说,利率每下降一个百分点,而月供则下降 6.5%-7.3%。同样的百分比下降,30年固定利率获利更多。 这组计算数据虽然令人有些震惊,但却是真实的情形。
图四 房贷利率和月供指数的关系,以年利率2%的月供作为指数100.
图四可能抽象了一点,换一个实在的例子说明一下。假如以30年固定年利率贷款 $50万,如果贷款利率是 5.0%(2018年 11月利率),那么每个月需要还贷 $2684.11。如果贷款利率是3.0%(2020年 8月利率),每月只需还贷 $2108.02,比原先每月少付$567.09,是原来的 78.5%,少了 21.5%。由于房贷占到房屋持有成本的2/3至 3/4,那么房屋持有成本也就降低了 14%到 16%。
为了读者朋友们的方便,下面用里程图的形式列出利率降低而导致月供降低百分比的数值关系。前述的例子可从表中查出。
表一 利率百分比的降低导致月供降低百分比的数值关系(30年固定贷款利率)
最后,由于通货膨胀的压力,持有房产反而成为抵御货币贬值的有效手段。如果房贷利率持续降低或者维持在当今水平,阳光州的房价也就不会下跌了。