批评人士谴责基辛格是“战犯”，白宫对基辛格采取谨慎态度
https://www.axios.com/2023/11/30/henry-kissinger-reactions-war-criminal
作者：Zachary Basu，Axios Sneak Peek 的作者
前国务卿亨利·基辛格——可以说是美国最著名、最具争议性的外交官——的去世引发了美国现任和前任官员的强烈缅怀、尊重和厌恶。
进展情况：周三晚上基辛格去世的消息传出近24小时后，拜登总统发表声明赞扬基辛格的“敏锐智慧”，但指出“我们经常不同意。而且经常是强烈的”。
拜登在声明中表示，他永远不会忘记作为年轻参议员时收到基辛格的第一次简报。 拜登政府的一些成员，包括国务卿托尼·布林肯，继续寻求基辛格的建议。
但基辛格去年告诉《纽约邮报》，拜登是自他担任理查德·尼克松国家安全顾问以来唯一一位没有邀请他入主白宫的总统。
在周四下午与安哥拉总统举行的双边会晤中，拜登拒绝回应多名记者有关基辛格去世的问题。
为什么重要：基辛格对美国历史和外交政策的影响不容小觑，“无论你是否同意他的观点”，白宫国家安全委员会成员约翰·柯比在今天的新闻发布会上被问及基辛格去世一事时小心翼翼地回答道。
布林肯在以色列对记者说，基辛格“为从事这项工作的每个人设定了标准”。
“我很荣幸多次得到他的建议，包括大约一个月前的一次。他非常慷慨地表达了自己的智慧和建议，”布林肯补充道，他指的是基辛格继续担任美国精英的知己和朋友。 即使在他年老时。
他们所说的是：历史学家、进步人士和那些遭受基辛格政策（包括美国支持的政变和轰炸行动）后果的国家的代表们可没这么友善。
前奥巴马副国家安全顾问说：“对于世界上的大部分地区，（基辛格）的心态传达了美国经常向自己的边缘化人群传达的残酷信息：我们关心的是我们自己的民主，而不是他们的民主。” 本·罗兹在《纽约时报》上撰文。
智利驻美国大使胡安·加布里埃尔·瓦尔德斯在推特上写道：“一个人去世了，他的历史光辉从未掩盖过他深刻的道德苦难。”
资深战争罪检察官里德·布罗迪告诉 The Intercept，“在世界上如此之多的地方，很少有人像亨利·基辛格那样参与了如此多的死亡和破坏，以及如此多的人类苦难”。
底线是：“有多少他的歌颂者会努力了解他在越南、柬埔寨、老挝、孟加拉国、智利、阿根廷、东帝汶、塞浦路斯和其他地方的全部记录？” 普林斯顿大学教授加里·巴斯 (Gary J. Bass) 在《大西洋月刊》上撰文。
“令人不安的问题是，为什么美国上流社会的许多人如此愿意宠爱他，而不是诚实地面对他的所作所为。”
国务卿安东尼·布林肯和以色列总统艾萨克·赫尔佐格会面前
安东尼·布林肯，国务卿
大卫洲际酒店
以色列特拉维夫
2023 年 11 月 30 日
赫尔佐格总统：早上好，国务卿先生。 欢迎再次来到以色列。
不幸的是，就在我们现在开会时，我国首都耶路撒冷入口处发生严重恐怖袭击，造成人员伤亡。 两名恐怖分子袭击了等待被接去上班的无辜平民。 我们有人员伤亡，我们（听不清）失去了生命，我要向家属表示衷心的哀悼，当然还要祈祷伤者迅速康复。 这是我们所处局势的另一个例子，在这个非常复杂和充满挑战的时代，我们正在与恐怖组织，特别是哈马斯进行无休止的战争。
我感谢你来到这里。 一如既往，你一直表达了美国、总统、政府的支持，我必须说，代表广大美国人民。 所以我非常感谢你。 我们正在努力、祈祷并要求立即释放所有人质，我感谢美利坚合众国为释放人质所做的巨大工作。 加沙仍有约150名人质落入哈马斯手中。
我想谈谈比巴斯一家的困境，两个年幼的孩子——10个月大的婴儿，四岁的女孩，当然还有她的父母——他们在哪里——我们不知道他们的下落，我们 要求立即释放他们。
很明显，幼儿将与他们的母亲一起被释放，并希望尽快与他们的父亲一起被释放。
很明显，幼儿将与他们的母亲一起被释放，并希望尽快与他们的父亲一起被释放。
最后，国务卿先生，您正在追随一位巨人、泰坦——亨利·基辛格博士——的脚步，他今晚平静地离开了我们。 我们是亨利·基辛格的崇拜者，他为自己的许多伟大决定和他领导的进程奠定了基础，这些决定和进程带来了我们今天所感受到的结果，和平的结果。 他奠定了和平协议的基石，该协议后来与埃及以及世界各地的许多其他进程签署。 我很崇拜亨利·基辛格。 在我们最后一次谈话中，他在结束通话时说道：总统先生，请知道我一直热爱、钦佩和支持以色列国。 所以我一直感受到他对以色列的爱和同情以及他对犹太国家的信仰。 谢谢你，早上好。
布林肯国务卿：好的，谢谢你，总统先生。 这是我自10月7日以来第四次访问以色列。 正如你所说，今天在耶路撒冷发生的事件再次提醒我们，以色列和以色列人每天都面临着恐怖主义的威胁。 和你们一样，我的心与这次袭击的受害者同在。 我相信有一个人失去了生命——
赫尔佐格总统：现在可能是三点了。
布林肯国务卿：（听不清）可能多达三个。 我们正在想念他们； 我们关心他们的家人、他们的亲人。 我们哀悼他们的逝去，就像我们哀悼任何无辜生命的逝去一样。
从第一天起，我们就一直致力于确保加沙、哈马斯释放人质。 上周我们看到人质回家、与家人团聚的积极进展，这种情况今天应该会继续下去。 它还使向加沙急需的无辜平民提供的人道主义援助大幅增加。 所以这个过程正在产生结果，这很重要，我们希望它能够继续下去。 与此同时，我期待与以色列政府就加沙的未来进行详细对话。 美国坚定支持以色列自卫的权利，并努力确保 10 月 7 日事件不再发生。
您注意到亨利·基辛格的去世。 基辛格国务卿确实为从事这项工作的每个人树立了标准。 我很荣幸多次得到他的建议，包括一个月前的一次。 他的智慧和建议非常慷慨。 很少有人比亨利·基辛格更擅长历史研究，在塑造历史方面做出更多贡献的人更少。 谢谢。
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亨利·基辛格复杂的遗产引起了全球的钦佩和蔑视
https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/11/29/death-of-henry-kissinger-met-with-polarized-reaction-around-the-world/
文件 - 2007 年 1 月 31 日，前国务卿亨利·基辛格（左）在华盛顿国会山与参议院外交关系委员会主席、特拉华州民主党参议员约瑟夫·拜登进行会谈，随后基辛格就伊拉克问题在委员会作证。 基辛格是一位戴着厚厚眼镜、声音沙哑的外交官，在美国从越南撤军并打破与中国的壁垒时主导了外交政策，他于 2023 年 11 月 29 日星期三去世。享年 100 岁。（美联社照片/苏珊·沃尔什， 文件）AP2007
福斯特·克卢格和盖尔·莫尔森，美联社
2023年11月29日 2023年11月30日更新
东京（美联社）——周四，美国前国务卿亨利·基辛格的去世引起了世界各地政治领导人的钦佩和蔑视，突显了基辛格关于冷战期间什么是为美国利益服务以及如何服务的复杂观点。 国家应该发挥自己的影响力。
基辛格周三去世，享年 100 岁，他是美国最有权势的外交官之一。 在理查德·尼克松和杰拉尔德·福特总统任职期间，他以带来突破的方式制定了国家的外交政策，包括实现美中关系正常化和推进与苏联的缓和。
但在基辛格任职期间，美国也忽视了其他国家残暴政权的崛起，批评者认为他的做法违背了民主理想，给全世界留下了持久的损害。
第一次见到基辛格时担任美国参议员的总统乔·拜登说：“在我们的职业生涯中，我们经常意见不一致。 而且常常很强烈。 但从第一次简报来看，他敏锐的智慧和深刻的战略重点是显而易见的。”
美国国务卿安东尼·布林肯是几十年来一直寻求基辛格建议的人之一，他说：“今天担任美国首席外交官，就是要经历一个带有亨利持久印记的世界——从他建立的关系，到与美国的关系。” 他开创的工具，以及他建造的架构。”
布林肯的语气得到了其他人的响应，包括前总统乔治·W·布什、英国前首相托尼·布莱尔、日本首相岸田文雄、中国国家主席习近平和欧盟委员会主席乌苏拉·冯德莱恩。
美国国家安全委员会发言人约翰·柯比称他的去世是“巨大的损失”。
“这是一个人——无论你是否同意他的观点，无论你是否持有相同的观点——他在第二次世界大战中勇敢地穿着军装，并在之后的几十年里服役，我们都可以对此表示感激和赞赏，只是 公共服务，”他说。
对于一些人来说，这种影响导致了关系的改善，例如基辛格的外交帮助结束了 1973 年以色列击退埃及和叙利亚的中东战争。
以色列总统艾萨克·赫尔佐格称赞基辛格奠定了“后来与埃及签署的和平协议的基石，以及我钦佩的世界各地许多其他进程”。
许多中国人在社交媒体上哀悼基辛格的去世。 国家电视台中央电视台分享了一段老片段，显示他1971年首次秘密访问中国，当时他提出了建立美中关系的可能性，并会见了当时的总理周恩来。
但在整个南美洲，基辛格被认为是帮助支持血腥军事独裁的关键人物。 文件显示基辛格和尼克松支持 1973 年推翻智利总统萨尔瓦多·阿连德的政变。 随后是奥古斯托·皮诺切特将军的独裁统治，继续侵犯人权、谋杀对手、取消选举、限制媒体、镇压工会和解散政党。
智利驻美国大使胡安·加布里埃尔·瓦尔德斯（Juan Gabriel Valdes）在 X（以前称为 Twitter）上写道：“一个人去世了，他的历史光辉从未掩盖过他深刻的道德苦难。” 智利左翼总统加布里埃尔·博里奇转发了这一消息。
美国众议员吉姆·麦戈文在 X 上发布了悼念活动，悼念“亨利·基辛格在智利、越南、阿根廷、东帝汶、柬埔寨和孟加拉国等国家发动的可怕暴力，摧毁了所有人的生命”。 麦戈文还写道，他从来不明白为什么人们尊敬基辛格。
记者伊丽莎白·贝克尔 (Elizabeth Becker) 表示，基辛格还“不经意地延长和扩大”越南战争和轰炸柬埔寨，“象征着他在声称支持美国民主时的无情虚伪”。她在 1975 年红色高棉接管之前报道过柬埔寨，也是 《战争结束时：柬埔寨和红色高棉革命》的作者。
“那又是为了什么呢？ 最终，共产主义没有倒下多米诺骨牌。 共产主义越南入侵的唯一国家是共产主义柬埔寨，以推翻波尔布特，”贝克尔说。
在非洲，基辛格的遗产将永远与他 1976 年对种族隔离时代南非的正式访问联系在一起，就在几个月前，该政权的警察在索韦托起义中杀害了 170 多名黑人抗议者，其中大多数是学童。
当时，美国与南非结盟，作为冷战期间抵御苏联在非洲影响力的缓冲区。 约翰内斯堡威特沃特斯兰德大学国际关系教授约翰·斯特伦劳表示，基辛格认为南非“只是冷战游戏中的一个棋局”。
尽管基辛格竭尽全力阻止苏联影响力的扩大，损害美国的利益，但俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京(Vladimir Putin)却对基辛格的遗产表示赞赏。
普京在给基辛格妻子南希的一封信中表示，他是“一位明智而有远见的政治家”，他的名字“与务实的外交政策路线有着千丝万缕的联系，这一度使国际紧张局势的缓和成为可能” 并达成有助于加强全球安全的最重要的苏美协议。”
___
莫尔森从柏林报道。 世界各地的美联社记者为本报告做出了贡献。
福斯特·克卢格和盖尔·莫尔森，美联社
White House treads careful line on Kissinger as critics decry "war criminal"
https://www.axios.com/2023/11/30/henry-kissinger-reactions-war-criminal
By Zachary Basu, author of Axios Sneak Peek
State of play: Nearly 24 hours after news of Kissinger's passing broke on Wednesday night, President Biden put out a statement praising Kissinger's "fierce intellect" but noting that "we often disagreed. And often strongly."
- Biden said in the statement that he'd never forget receiving his first briefing from Kissinger as a young senator. Some members of Biden's administration, including Secretary of State Tony Blinken, continued to seek out Kissinger's counsel.
- But Kissinger told the New York Post last year that Biden was the only president — dating back to his time as Richard Nixon's national security adviser — who had not invited him to the White House.
- During a bilateral meeting with the president of Angola Thursday afternoon, Biden had declined to respond to multiple reporters' questions about Kissinger's death.
Why it matters: Kissinger's impact on American history and foreign policy cannot be overstated "whether you agreed with him or not," White House National Security Council John Kirby carefully responded when asked about his death at a press briefing today.
- Kissinger "set the standard for everyone who followed in this job," Blinken told reporters in Israel.
- "I was very privileged to get his counsel many times, including as recently as about a month ago. He was extraordinarily generous with his wisdom, with his advice," Blinken added, referring to Kissinger's continued role as a confidant and friend to American elites even in his old age.
- Screenshot via X
- What they're saying: Historians, progressives and representatives of countries who suffered from the consequences of Kissinger's policies — including U.S.-backed coups and bombing campaigns — were not so kind.
- "[F]or huge swaths of the world, [Kissinger's] mind-set carried a brutal message that America has often conveyed to its own marginalized populations: We care about democracy for us, not for them," former Obama deputy national security adviser Ben Rhodes wrote in the New York Times.
- "A man has died whose historical brilliance never managed to conceal his profound moral misery," tweeted Chile's Ambassador to the U.S. Juan Gabriel Valdes.
- There are "few people who have had a hand in as much death and destruction, as much human suffering, in so many places around the world as Henry Kissinger," veteran war crimes prosecutor Reed Brody told The Intercept.
The bottom line: "How many of his eulogists will grapple with his full record in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Bangladesh, Chile, Argentina, East Timor, Cyprus, and elsewhere?" Princeton professor Gary J. Bass wrote in The Atlantic.
- "The uncomfortable question is why much of American polite society was so willing to dote on him, rather than honestly confronting what he did."
Secretary Antony J. Blinken And Israeli President Isaac Herzog Before Their Meeting
https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-and-israeli-president-isaac-herzog-before-their-meeting-7/
REMARKS
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
DAVID INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL
TEL AVIV, ISRAEL
NOVEMBER 30, 2023
PRESIDENT HERZOG: Good morning, Mr. Secretary. Welcome to Israel again.
Unfortunately, as we are meeting now, there are casualties in a serious terror attack in the entrance to Jerusalem, our capital. Two terrorists have attacked innocent civilians waiting for to be picked up to go on their day’s work. And we have casualties, we (inaudible) loss of life, and I would like to express my heartfelt condolences to the families, and of course to pray for the swift recovery of the wounded. This is another example of the situation we’re in, the endless war that we are fighting against terror organizations, especially Hamas, in these very complicated and challenging times.
I thank you for coming here. As always, you’ve been expressing the support of the United States, the President, administration, and I must say, on behalf of the American people at large. So I thank you very much. We are working and praying and demanding the immediate release of all the hostages, and I thank the United States of America for the immense work it is devoting to the release of the hostages. There are still around 150 hostages who are there in Hamas hands in Gaza.
I would like to raise the plight of the Bibas family, the two young children – 10-months-old baby, four-years-old girl, and of course her parents – that where – their whereabouts are unknown to us, and we are demanding their immediate release. It was obvious that little toddlers will be released with their mother and hopefully with their father as soon as possible.
And finally, Mr. Secretary, you are following in the footsteps of a giant, a titan – Dr. Henry Kissinger – who has left us peacefully tonight. We are big admirers of Henry Kissinger, who laid down the foundations of so many great decisions of his and processes which he has led, which has brought results that we feel until today, peaceful results. He laid the cornerstone of the peace agreement, which were later signed with Egypt, and so many other processes around the world. I admired Henry Kissinger. In our last conversation, he ended the call by saying: Mr. President, please know I’ve always loved and admired and supported the State of Israel. And so I always felt his love and compassion for Israel and his belief in the Jewish state. Thank you and good morning.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Well, thank you, Mr. President. This is my fourth visit Israel since October 7th. And as you said, we’re reminded yet again by the events in Jerusalem today of the threat from terrorism that Israel and Israelis face every single day. And like you, my heart goes out to the victims of this attack. I believe one person lost life —
PRESIDENT HERZOG: It may be three now.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: — (inaudible) maybe as many as three. We’re thinking of them; we’re thinking of their families, their loved ones. And we mourn their loss just as we mourn the loss of any innocent life.
From day one, we have been focused relentlessly on trying to secure the release of hostages from Gaza, from Hamas. And we have seen over the last week the very positive development of hostages coming home, being reunited with their families, and that should continue today. It’s also enabled a significant increase in humanitarian assistance to go to innocent civilians in Gaza who need it desperately. So this process is producing results, it’s important, and we hope that it can continue. At the same time, I look forward to detailed conversations with the Government of Israel about the way ahead in Gaza. The United States firmly supports Israel in its right to defend itself and to try to ensure that October 7th never happens again.
You noted the passing of Henry Kissinger. Secretary Kissinger really set the standard for everyone who followed in this job. I was very privileged to get his counsel many times, including as recently as about a month ago. He was extraordinarily generous with his wisdom, with his advice. Few people were better students of history – even fewer people did more to shape history – than Henry Kissinger. Thank you.
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Henry Kissinger's complicated legacy draws admiration and scorn from across the globe
FILE - Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, left, talks with Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Sen. Joseph Biden, D-Del., on Capitol Hill in Washington, Jan. 31, 2007, prior to Kissinger testifying before the committee about Iraq. Kissinger, the diplomat with the thick glasses and gravelly voice who dominated foreign policy as the United States extricated itself from Vietnam and broke down barriers with China, died Wednesday, Nov. 29, 2023. He was 100. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File) AP2007
By Foster Klug And Geir Moulson, The Associated Press
Nov 29, 2023 Updated Nov30, 2023
TOKYO (AP) — The death of former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger drew both admiration and scorn Thursday from political leaders around the world, highlighting the complicated legacy of Kissinger’s views about what it meant to serve America’s interests during the Cold War — and how the country should exert its influence.
Kissinger, who died Wednesday at 100, was one of America’s most powerful diplomats. During his years serving under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, he shaped the country’s foreign policy in ways that led to breakthroughs, including normalizing U.S.-China relations and advancing detente with the Soviet Union.
But during Kissinger’s tenure the U.S. also overlooked the rise of brutal regimes in other countries, and critics argue his approach ran counter to democratic ideals and left lasting damage throughout the world.
President Joe Biden, who was a U.S. senator when he first met Kissinger, said, “Throughout our careers, we often disagreed. And often strongly. But from that first briefing — his fierce intellect and profound strategic focus was evident.”
U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, who was among those who sought out Kissinger’s counsel through the decades, said that “to serve as America’s chief diplomat today is to move through a world that bears Henry’s lasting imprint — from the relationships he forged, to the tools he pioneered, to the architecture he built.”
Blinken’s tone was echoed by others, including former President George W. Bush, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, China’s President Xi Jinping and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.
U.S. National Security Council spokesman John Kirby called his passing a “huge loss.”
“This was a man — whether you agreed with him or not, whether you hold the same views or not — he served in World War II, bravely in uniform, and for decades afterward, which we can all be grateful for and appreciate, just the public service,” he said.
For some, that impact led to improved relations, such as when Kissinger’s diplomacy helped end the 1973 Mideast war where Israel fought off Egypt and Syria.
Israeli President Isaac Herzog praised Kissinger for laying “the cornerstone of the peace agreement, which (was) later signed with Egypt, and so many other processes around the world I admire.”
Many in China mourned Kissinger’s passing on social media. State broadcaster CCTV shared an old segment showing his first secret visit to China in 1971, when he broached the possibility of establishing U.S.-China relations and met then-Premier Zhou Enlai.
But across South America, Kissinger is remembered as a key figure who helped prop up bloody military dictatorships. Documents have shown Kissinger’s and Nixon’s support for the 1973 coup that deposed Chilean President Salvador Allende. That was followed by Gen. Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship, which went on to violate human rights, murder opponents, cancel elections, restrict the media, suppress labor unions and disband political parties.
“A man has died whose historical brilliance never managed to conceal his profound moral misery,” Chile’s ambassador to the United States, Juan Gabriel Valdes, wrote on X, formerly known as Twitter. Chile’s leftist President Gabriel Boric reposted the message.
U.S. Rep. Jim McGovern posted a remembrance on X for “all the lives Henry Kissinger destroyed with terrible violence he unleashed in countries like Chile, Vietnam, Argentina, East Timor, Cambodia, and Bangladesh.” McGovern also wrote that he never understood why people revered Kissinger.
Kissinger also “heedlessly extended and expanded” the war in Vietnam and the bombing of Cambodia came to “symbolize his ruthless hypocrisy when claiming to support American democracy,” according to journalist Elizabeth Becker, who covered Cambodia before the 1975 Khmer Rouge takeover and is the author of “When the War was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution.”
“And to what end? Ultimately, no dominoes fell to communism. The only country communist Vietnam invaded was communist Cambodia to overthrow Pol Pot,” Becker said.
In Africa, Kissinger’s legacy will be forever linked for many to his official visit to apartheid-era South Africa in 1976, just months after the regime’s police killed more than 170 Black protesters, most of them schoolchildren, in the Soweto uprising.
At the time, the United States was allied with South Africa as a buffer against Soviet influence in Africa during the Cold War. Kissinger saw South Africa as “merely a gambit in the game of the Cold War,” said John Stremlau, a professor of international relations at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
For all his efforts to keep Soviet influence from expanding at the expense of the United States, among those lauding Kissinger’s legacy was Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Putin said in a message to Kissinger’s wife, Nancy, that he was “a wise and far-sighted statesman” and his name “is inextricably linked with a pragmatic foreign policy line, which at one time made it possible to achieve detente in international tensions and reach the most important Soviet-American agreements that contributed to the strengthening of global security.”
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Moulson reported from Berlin. AP journalists around the world contributed to this report.
Foster Klug And Geir Moulson, The Associated Press
