德国学校毒品犯罪增多
https://www.dw.com/en/german-schools-seeing-more-drug-offenses/a-37242714Carla Bleiker
2017 年 1 月 23 日
与 2011 年相比，2015 年一些州的毒品相关犯罪数量增加了一倍，另一些州则增加了三倍。学校正在以各种方式解决这一问题，但专家强调，预防工作不能仅靠教师的努力。
无论是数学和历史的结合，还是向同学出售毒品——自 2011 年以来，德国学校的毒品犯罪数量大幅增加。德国 16 个州报告的大多数案件都涉及大麻，但也有一些犯罪行为与大麻有关。 海洛因和冰毒。
在南部巴登-符腾堡州，校园内的毒品犯罪数量几乎增加了两倍，从 2011 年的 348 起增加到 2015 年的 939 起。在德国人口最多的北莱茵-威斯特法伦州，犯罪数量更多 2015 年，此类案件从 443 起增加到 897 起，增加了一倍多。在东部萨克森州，2015 年报告的案件数量也增加了一倍，达到 128 起。其中近 10% 涉及危险的甲基苯丙胺冰毒。
不过，汉斯-尤尔根·霍尔曼警告说，不要只看表面数据。 霍尔曼是 Ginko 基金会的协调主任，该基金会致力于北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的青少年咨询和毒品预防领域。
“从 2011 年到 2012 年，举报的犯罪行为有所增加，”霍尔曼告诉德国之声。 “这提高了人们的认识并启动了预防计划，从那时起，数字基本上保持稳定。”
预防：持续对话
德国教师工会 VBE 主席乌多·贝克曼 (Udo Beckmann) 表示，正在采取大量措施引导学生远离毒品。
贝克曼告诉德国之声：“我们正在密切关注学校周围发生的事情，比如毒贩在校舍外向孩子们出售毒品，我们与警方密切合作。” “在学校里，预防是课程计划的一部分。教师不仅仅在一次性的特殊课堂上谈论它；只要它与他们与学生讨论的其他问题相关，他们就会提出它。”
虽然这将是理想的情况，但倡导者批评许多学校没有足够的时间或金钱用于预防毒品。 非政府组织“禁毒权力”(KMDD) 正在提供有关毒品和预防主题的研讨会、领导力训练营和教师教育。 所有这些都是免费的，学校只需注册即可。
KMDD 的桑德拉·海恩兹尔 (Sandra Hainzl) 告诉德国之声：“问题在于，许多学校认为这个问题可以在两个课时内解决和解决，但事实并非如此。” “在许多学校，老师不能花更多的时间在这上面，因为他们面临时间压力，需要完成清单上的所有内容。需要改变的是课程计划。仅在问题出现时才处理成瘾预防问题是致命的 方法。”
不同角度看待毒品危险
北莱茵-威斯特法伦州学校和教育部发言人告诉德国之声，毒品预防是健康教育的一部分。 学生在生物学、化学、德语和社会科学等多个学科中了解这个问题。 除了常规课程计划外，教师还可以从联邦健康教育中心订购材料或与其他团体合作。
Ginko 基金会就是其中之一。 除了为教师提供研讨会外，该非政府组织还组织学生参观毒品预防中心、诊所、自助小组和警察局。
Drogenpräventionsprojekt“革命列车”
作为 2016 年预防计划的一部分，萨克森州的学生参观了这座吸毒者公寓的重建图片：dpa “我们的目标是展示吸毒带来的许多不同问题，”霍尔曼说。 “然后学生们可以自己反思。”
让家长参与进来
贝克曼和海因茨尔都同意，预防不能仅仅由学校和教师负责，家长也发挥着重要作用。
海因茨尔说：“他们常常没有意识到自己在多大程度上以身作则。”
她强调，学校有效的预防计划需要一个结构化的计划，并且应该从为家长举办的信息之夜开始。 海因兹尔说，涉及青少年生活的越多方面，预防就越成功——这就是为什么将信息传播到学生家里很重要。
各州报告的大多数毒品犯罪都涉及 14 岁及以上的学生。 在那个年龄段，他们当然不仅受到父母和老师的影响，还受到朋友的影响。
More drug offenses at German schools
https://www.dw.com/en/german-schools-seeing-more-drug-offenses/a-37242714Carla Bleiker
January 23, 2017
2015 saw the number of drug-related offenses double in some states and triple in others compared to 2011. Schools are tackling the issue in various ways, but experts stress that prevention can't be up to teachers alone.
Whether it's rolling a joint between math and history or selling some dope to a classmate - the number of drug offenses in German schools has greatly increased since 2011. Most of the cases reported by the 16 German states involve cannabis, but some offenses are also related to heroin and crystal meth.
In the southern state of Baden-Wurttemberg, the number of drug offenses on school premises has almost tripled from 348 cases in 2011 to 939 cases in 2015. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the German state with the biggest population, the number of offenses more than doubled from 443 cases to 897 in 2015. In the eastern state of Saxony, numbers also doubled to 128 cases reported in 2015. Almost 10 percent of them involved the dangerous methamphetamine crystal meth.
Hans-Jürgen Hallmann has warned of taking the numbers at face value, though. Hallmann is director of coordination at the Ginko Foundation, which works in the fields of youth counseling and drug prevention in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
"There was an increase in reported offenses from 2011 to 2012," Hallmann told DW. "That increased awareness and jump-started prevention programs, and since then the numbers have been mostly stable."
Prevention: an ongoing conversation
Udo Beckmann, head of the German teachers' union VBE, said that a lot was being done to steer students away from drugs.
"We're paying close attention to what is going on around the schools, like dealers selling drugs to kids just outside school premises, and we have a close cooperation with police," Beckmann told DW. "Inside the schools, prevention is part of the lesson plan. Teachers don't just talk about it in a one-off special class; they bring it up whenever it relates to other issues they're discussing with students."
While this would be the ideal case, advocates criticize that many schools don't have enough time or money to spend on drug prevention. The NGO No Power to Drugs (KMDD) is offering workshops, leadership camps and teachers' education on the topics of drugs and prevention. All of this is free, and schools simply have to register.
"The problem is that many schools believe the issue can be covered and checked off in two class periods, which is simply not the case," Sandra Hainzl from KMDD told DW. "In many schools, teachers can't spend more time on it, because they're under time pressure to get through everything on their list. It's the lesson plans that need changing. Dealing with addiction prevention only when a problem arises is a fatal approach."
Different angles on drugs danger
In North Rhine-Westphalia, drug prevention is taught as part of health education, a spokeswoman for the School and Education Ministry told DW. Students learn about the issue in a variety of subjects, such as biology, chemistry, German and social sciences. In addition to the regular lesson plans, teachers can also order material from the Federal Centre for Health Education or cooperate with other groups.
One of these groups is the Ginko Foundation. In addition to offering teachers' seminars, the NGO organizes student visits to drug prevention centers, clinics, self-help groups and police stations.
Drogenpräventionsprojekt "Revolution-Train"
Students in Saxony visited this recreation of a drug addict's apartment as part of a prevention program in 2016Image: dpa "Our goal is to show the many different problems that come with taking drugs," Hallmann said. "Then the students can reflect on that themselves."
Getting the parents involved
Both Beckmann and Hainzl agree that prevention cannot be solely the responsibility of schools and teachers, and that parents also play a big part.
"They often don't realize how much they lead by example," Hainzl said.
She emphasized that effective prevention programs at school involved a structured plan and should start with an info night for parents. The more aspects of the teens' lives were involved, the more successful prevention could be - that's why it was important that the message carried over into the students' homes, Hainzl said.
Most of the drug offenses the states reported involved students who were 14 years and older. At that age, they're not just influenced by parents and teachers, of course, but also by their friends.
