《全国保护地体系保护融资计划指南及早期教程》（前言，英汉对照）
原文: 马龙·弗洛雷斯, 吉列尔莫·里韦罗, 费尔南多·莱昂, 吉列尔莫·陈等
汉译：惠兰
Financial Planning for National Systems of Protected Areas: Guidelines and Early Lessons
By Marlon Flores, Guillermo Rivero, Fernando León, Guillermo Chan, et al.Translated by Huilan
The Nature Conservancy
One of the greatest challenges facing governments and their partner organizations is the need to develop financially sustainable protected area systems and solid organizations able to efficiently manage these natural assets. Although some progress has been achieved over the past decades, to date most protected area systems around the world are still severely under funded. In most cases, protected areas are still dependent upon limited national budget allocations, support from international conservation organizations and short-term international funding though projects. During the 7th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity in February 2004, 188 national governments adopted the Global Program of Action on Protected Areas to support establishment of comprehensive, ecologically representative, and effectively financed and managed regional and national protected areas. This contributed to the three objectives on the Convention and the 2010 Goal to significantly reduce the rate of biodiversity loss. Although the 2004 Global Program of Action on Protected Areas reinvigorated many government’s commitments to finance protected areas, there has not been a significant increase in funding to protected areas. The budgets of the national systems of protected areas are mostly composed of contributions from central governments, international cooperation, and protected area self-generated revenues. When comparing the existing budgets of the national systems of protected areas with their financing needs, there is evidence of large deficits. For example, recent financial analysis of the national systems of protected areas of Ecuador, Peru, and Costa Rica, estimate annual deficits of US$6, US$9, and US$17 million, respectively. For example, recent financial analysis of the national systems of protected areas of Ecuador, Peru, and Costa Rica, estimate annual deficits of US$6, US$9, and US$17 million, respectively. It has been documented by known experts that the aggregated deficit is alarming at global and national levels, and particularly acute in developing nations. It has been documented by known experts that the aggregated deficit is alarming at global and national levels, and particularly acute in developing nations. In order to achieve the financial sustainability of national systems of protected areas it is critical to take into account the need to increase the capacity to self generate additional revenue at national levels, including market value of payments for ecosystems services such as water service, carbon sequestration, and scenic beauty. On the other hand, it is equally important to improve the institutional capacity to adequately manage financial resources and carry out the necessary legal and regulatory reform to enable reliable long-term funding. With support from The Nature Conservancy and other members of the CFA (Conservation Finance Alliance), I am pleased to present this new publication that includes practical, accessible, and easy to use methods for improving financial planning, and a road map for the implementation of business-oriented financial plans for the national systems of protected areas.
Antonio Brack
Minister of Environment of Peru
October, 2008
大自然保护协会
目前，政府与他们的合作组织面临的最大的挑战之一，就是需要建立财政上可持续保护地系统，以及有能力去有效地管理这些自然资产的坚实组织。虽然在过去几十年期间取得了一些成就，但迄今为止，多数世界范围内的被保护区体系的资金，仍然严重不足。在大多数情况下,保护地仍然要依靠有限的国家预算拨款，从国际环保组织和短期国际资助项目获得支持。
2004年2月，在生物多样性第7次会议期间，188个国家的政府通过了以支持建立全面、典型生态代表和有效地提供资金和管理的区域和国家保护区为重点的“支持保护地全球行动计划。”这有助于生物多样性保护公约三个目标和2010目标的实现，并可大大降低生物多样性丧失的速率。
尽管2004全球保护地行动计划使得许多政府都纷纷承诺，为保护地提供财政支持,但保护地的资金却并没有显著增加。全国保护地体系的预算由中央政府、国际合作机构和保护地的自创收益几个部分组成。全国保护地体系的现有预算与他们的资金需要相比，有证据表明，已出现了大量的赤字。例如，对厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和哥斯达黎加的全国保护地体系的最新财务分析表明，估计每年的赤字分别为六百万美元、九百万美元和一千七百万美元。据知名专家引证，从全球和国家的标准来看，累计的赤字十分惊人，而发展中国家的情形更为严重。
为了实现全国保护地体系的财政可持续发展，关键是要考虑到需要在国家层面上增加自创性额外收入，其中包括具有市场价值的生态系统有偿服务。例如提供水资源服务、碳汇服务和景观游憩服务等等。另一方面同样重要的是，以加强体制能力建设，从而合理管理财政资源和进行必要的法律和规章制度改革，来获得可靠的长期资助。
得到大自然保护协会和CFA（保护融资联盟）其他成员的支持，我很高兴引荐这本包括以实际、容易理解和使用的方法来改善融资规划，以及为全国保护地体系赢利为目的财政计划执行路线图的新出版物。
