“动词+副词”或“动词+(副词)+前置词”
日本称:句动词(群动词);英文是:Phrasal verb;中文叫:短语动词; 动词词组; 短语(型)动词,或动词短语。例如:
eteriorate意思是恶化,但人们最熟悉的“become worse”。
Explode: 意思是爆炸,但人们最熟悉的“blow up”。
Support: 意思是支持,但人们最熟悉的“back up”。
Raise: 意思是提出; 养育,抚养,养大,但人们最熟悉的“bring up”。
collocation就是大家常听到的“词伙”,或叫它“词组”。任何名词、动词、形容词组成的约定俗称的搭配都可以叫collocation。
例如:work out、Family member、Sustainable resources等都属于collocation。而Phrasal verb通常是动词词组,所以属于collocation的一种。
Idioms是指英语俚语,俚语可能是phrasal verb的形式,例如:speak down to someone,意思是“高高在上,看低别人”。
Phrasal verbs中常见的介词有:
• in
• on
• under
• over
• out
• to
• from
• away
Phrasal verbs的类型:
1)及物的
顾名思义,就是后面可以接名词或代词,例如:turn off the lights
名词可以放在动词和介词之间,也可以放在短语动词之后,句子意思不变。
Turn off the lights或Turn the lights off
Take back the books或Take the books back
如果后面接的是代词,则需要把代词放在中间,例如:
Put it on(正确)
Put on it(错误)
Turn it off(正确)
Turn off it(错误)
Take them back(正确)
Take back them(错误)
2)不及物的
后面不可接名词或名词性成分,例如:
The concert tickets are sold out(卖光).
My car broke down(抛锚) this morning.
He dropped out(辍学) of college last semester.
3)可分离separable
可分离的phrasal verb可以在动词和介词或副词之间使用一个名词或代词。
He called me up(给我打电话) to tell me about the party.
The driver dropped her off(让她下车) at the nearest gate.
My sister cheers me up(让我振作起来) every time I am down.
4)不可分离non-separable
不可分割的短语动词简单来说就是中间不可以加成分,例如:
I’ve always looked up to(尊敬) my father as a role model.
Sue takes after(继承,长得像) her mother’s eyes.
I ran into(偶遇) an old friend yesterday.
注意,不能说I ran an old friend into yesterday.